宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块黄南铝皮保温工程，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。h0q.g3ob.com| 1bv.g3ob.com| sh5.g3ob.com| 2cx.g3ob.com| zcb.g3ob.com| 6hb.g3ob.com| 75m.g3ob.com| l03.g3ob.com| vz5.g3ob.com| jl1.g3ob.com| 7ow.g3ob.com| 4uj.g3ob.com| dp7.g3ob.com| 2rq.g3ob.com| 4nn.g3ob.com|

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

oseph Addison, that year setting out to fit himself for service to England by travelling on the Continent, could have told Swift, if he had known him, how to rise in their world. Addison had lived on at Oxford into a fellowship. He had paid court to Dryden, and by Dryden had been recommended to Jacob Tonson the bookseller, and by Tonson to Congreve, and by Congreve to Charles Montague, Chancellor of the Exchequer, and by Montague to Somers, the Lord Chancellor, and by Somers to the King. At the University ready to take orders, the expectant parson had yielded to the claims of Montague upon those accomplishments and virtues which, Montague told the head of Addison’s college, were needed to offset the current depravity and corruption.

Dexterous in Latin and English verse, Addison was even more dexterous in his virtues. Though vain enough, he was not proud. He demanded little besides a reasonable prosperity and comfortable homage. He[Pg 49] felt no anger because men were slow in recognizing merits which he had not yet shown. He did not too much mind playing at success as it was then played. He saw little repugnant in the rules and admired the winners. It had never struck him that the world was ruled by knaves; it had never struck him that only fools could be happy. Having taken what he found for what it was usually said to be, he was shortly to begin his travels with the approval, and at the expense, of his country.

Swift, with more genius than Addison, had less talent for success. In 1697 he had, presumably on the advice of Temple, put his hopes on the Earl of Sunderland, already tottering though still Lord Chamberlain. “My Lord Sunderland fell and I with him,” Swift wrote a few weeks later. “Since that there have been other courses, which if they succeed I shall be proud to own the methods, or if otherwise, very much ashamed.” All these schemes, whatever they were, had failed. With Temple dead, Swift had to trust to the Earl of Romney to urge upon the King the preferment which Temple had promised to obtain for his secretary. Romney, a friend to William in Holland before the Revolution, and supposed to have been “the great wheel on which the Revolution rolled,” turned out to have, Swift said, “not a wheel to turn a mouse.” “After long attendance in vain,” which was what Swift called a fruitless four or five months, he again[Pg 50] went back to Ireland, in June 1699, chaplain and temporary secretary to the Earl of Berkeley, one of the Lords Justices.

Dublin was as disappointing as London. Berkeley refused to make Swift permanent secretary on the ground that he was a clergyman, and soon afterwards further refused to appoint him dean of Derry on the ground that he was too young. The man who had found Kilroot unendurable was in February 1700 assigned to another rustic living, at Laracor, seventeen miles from Dublin. Nor did it console him that he was made a prebendary of St. Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin, and a doctor of divinity of Dublin University in February 1701. With all his pride and all his powers, he had been sent to what he thought a shabby garrison on an unimportant frontier of the Church.

His circumstances seemed now more interesting to Varina, still unmarried at Belfast. She wrote him a letter. He answered it in a language as cold as any that ever ended what had begun as a flirtation.

“You would know what gave my temper that sudden turn,” he said, “as to alter the style of my letters since I last came over. If there has been that alteration you observe, I have told you the cause abundance of times. I had used a thousand endeavours and arguments to get you from the company and place you are in; both on account of your health and humour, which I thought were like to suffer very much in such air and[Pg 51] before such examples. All I had in answer from you was nothing but a great deal of arguing, and sometimes in a style so imperious as I thought might have been spared, when I reflected how much you had been in the wrong. The other thing you would know is whether this change of style be owing to the thoughts of a new mistress. I declare, upon the word of a Christian and a gentleman, it is not; neither had I ever thoughts of being married to any other person but yourself.” The cause of his change, he explained, was her indifference to his wishes and his opinions, particularly about her family. “I think ... that no young woman in the world of the same income would dwindle away her health and life in such a sink and among such family conversation. Neither have all your letters been once able to persuade me that you have the least value for me, because you so little regarded what I so often said upon that matter.... I think I have more cause to resent your desires of me in that case than you have to be angry at my refusals”—his refusals, it appears, to endure the Warings. “If you like such company and conduct, much good do you with them! My education has been otherwise.”

At the same time, he would tell her what he had told his uncle Adam in response to an inquiry which Swift implied had come circuitously from Varina: “that if your health and my fortune were as they ought, I would prefer you above all your sex; but that,[Pg 52] in the present condition of both, I thought it was against your opinion, and would certainly make you unhappy; that, had you any other offers which your friends or yourself thought more to your advantage, I should think I were very unjust to be an obstacle in your way.” Since, however, her letter had showed her satisfied with his fortune, nothing now stood in the way of their felicity but her health. Nothing, that is, except his terms, which he reduced to questions.

“Are you in a condition to manage domestic affairs, with an income of less perhaps than three hundred pounds a year? Have you such an inclination to my person and humour as to comply with my desires and way of living and endeavour to make us both as happy as you can? Will you be ready to engage in those methods I shall direct for the improvement of your mind, so as to make us entertaining company for each other, without being miserable when we are neither visiting nor visited? Can you bend your love and esteem and indifference to others the same way as I do mine? Shall I have so much power in your heart, or you so much government of your passions, as to grow in a good humour upon my approach, though provoked by a ——? Have you so much good nature as to endeavour by soft words to smooth any rugged humour occasioned by the cross accidents of life? Shall the place wherever your husband is thrown be more welcome than courts or cities without him? In short, these are[Pg 53] some of the necessary methods to please men who, like me, are deep-read in the world; and to a person thus made I should be proud in giving all due returns towards making her happy. These are the questions I have always resolved to propose to her with whom I meant to pass my life; and whenever you can heartily answer them in the affirmative I shall be blessed to have you in my arms, without regarding whether your person be beautiful or your fortune large. Cleanliness in the first and competency in the other is all I look for.... I singled you out at first from the rest of women; and I expect not to be used like a common lover. When you think fit to send me an answer to this without ——, I shall then approve myself, by all means you shall command, Madam, your most obedient humble servant.”

It was as if a glacier had announced the course it meant to take down its valley. Swift possibly disliked the Warings no more than other men have disliked their prospective relatives. His terms were possibly no more ruthless than the assumptions on which other men have entered into marriage. But few men besides Swift can ever, in such a situation, have been so revealing and so unsparing. Varina had entertained him at tedious Kilroot. She had not known how to give up the roundabout arts of courtship for the forthright sciences of marriage. Her caution had humiliated him. Her advances now embarrassed him. Himself long[Pg 54] past the time of languishing, he turned the truth loose upon the coquette. And Varina, who had, as Swift said of young ladies in general, spent her time in making a net instead of a cage, had had the misfortune to incur the frankness of the one man then alive who could put the most naked truth into the most naked words.

If Swift struck too hard for the occasion, it was no more than his dire intensity often forced him to do. His letter at least closed the episode. Varina, with these words before her, could understand that she was not dealing with a common lover, or with a lover at all.

A man who could demand so much of a wife, and say so to a woman, was no longer at any point in a man’s life where the odds are still on his marrying. About marriage Swift was frequently explicit. At twenty-five he declared that, to say nothing of his “cold temper and unconfined humour,” “the very ordinary observations I made with going half a mile beyond the University have taught me experience enough not to think of marriage till I settle my fortune in the world, which I am sure will not be in some years; and even then myself I am so hard to please that I suppose I shall put it off to the other world.... Among all the young gentlemen that I have known to have ruined themselves by marrying, which I assure you is a great number, I have made this general rule, that they are either young, raw, ignorant scholars who, for want of knowing company, believe every silk petticoat[Pg 55] includes an angel, or else they have been a sort of honest young men who perhaps are too literal in rather marrying than burning.... I think I am very far excluded from listing under either of these heads. I confess I have known one or two men of sense enough who, inclined to frolics, have married and ruined themselves out of a maggot; but a thousand household thoughts, which always drive matrimony out of my mind whenever it chances to come there, will, I am sure, fright me from that; besides that, I am naturally temperate, and never engaged in the contrary which usually produces those effects.”

This may be taken to be the scorn of a young man who has not yet felt much desire or loneliness. But there is the later belief, cut to an axiom, that “no wise man ever married from the dictates of reason.” What then could beguile Swift into marriage, when, for all his passion, he had undertaken to live as faithfully under the dictates of reason as under the orders of the Church?

Swift, speaking of himself, seldom spoke less than the exact truth, though he often, by his harshness, said rather more. In the matter of marriage his course was, from first to last, as straight as was possible for a man fascinating to women and inclined to play with them when his powers were relaxed or his will checked. He had decided that, his fortunes being so much lower than his pride, and his health so much less than his[Pg 56] strength, he would not marry except on some such extravagant terms as he proposed at thirty-three to Varina. He knew she would not accept them. Whether he realized it or not, he preferred his relationship with Stella to marriage with anybody else.

He turned out to prefer it to marriage with Stella. During the three or four years after he closed accounts with Varina, Swift came no doubt as near to marrying Stella as the great drive of his solitary ambition would let him. But he did not marry her, and he apparently found, as many men would find if they had the strength to test the principle, that what seems to be the need to marry, even a woman truly loved, is a panic impulse in a crisis. Swift, having survived the crisis which might have made him a husband, did not have to pay the customary price of losing the woman who might have become his wife. Stella was still the willing focus of that immense affection which turned the stare or scowl of hate to the rest of the world.

Only once more did he slip recklessly into his old amusement. Vanessa, infatuated and unceasing, threatened his solitude. He could not annihilate her with a letter or subdue her to friendship. He slackly let the affair drag on to a dreary and then vehement end. But still he did not break his straight course. He had not wanted to marry. He had not had to marry. He did not mean to marry. He had said as much to everybody whose business it could be.

[Pg 57]

Swift might have been believed if his course, no matter how straight, had also been usual: if he had spent his days in a cell; if, having failed to win some desired woman, he had desired no other; if he had run from woman to woman stopping nowhere long. Instead, he lived in the world, had as much of the women he wanted as he wanted of them, and was in many ways faithful to Stella. Gossip, bothered by what is unusual in the story, has tried to make it fit some more familiar pattern by imagining hidden circumstances which, if known, would show Swift to have been more like ordinary men. He may have been impotent, gossip suggests, and so avoided marriage out of vanity. He may have had syphilis, and so avoided marriage out of decency. He may, gossip even during his life went so far as to guess, have married Stella privately—without licence, witnesses, or record, when he was Dean of St. Patrick’s! But all these arguments, some of which have been twisted to coiling lengths, are still the hypotheses of gossip, one as good as another. Not one of them is as simple and sufficient as the conclusion that Swift, whom gossips could more easily think inadequate, dissolute, or secretive, was only, in marriage as in other matters, extraordinary.

2

Writing to Varina in May 1700 he swore that he then had no thoughts of another mistress or of another[Pg 58] wife. As this was not a lover’s letter, this was hardly a lover’s oath, and may have meant what it said. But, as chaplain to Lord Berkeley, Swift was still, in a sense, a dependent; and at Laracor he saw he would be lonely. Of his three livings, Laracor and the incidental Agher and Rathbeggan, only Laracor had a church. Swift, arriving dejected and resentful, found himself doubtfully master of a scattered, monotonous territory with a dilapidated church and a vicarage and glebe not then fit to live in. The one pleasant thing about his post was that he could leave his duties in the hands of curates and himself live much of the time in Dublin lodgings. In April 1701 he went with Berkeley back to England, to remain there till September. And there he visited Stella at Farnham.

Her mother had married, or was to marry, another steward of Moor Park, and the daughter was living with another Temple dependent, Rebecca Dingley, on the income of a Temple legacy. “Her fortune,” as Swift told the story on the bitter, truthful night of Stella’s death, “at that time was in all not above fifteen hundred pounds, the interest of which was but a scanty maintenance, in so dear a country, for one of her spirit. Upon this consideration, and indeed very much for my own satisfaction, who had few friends or acquaintance in Ireland, I prevailed with her and her dear friend and companion, the other lady, to draw what money they had into Ireland, a great part of[Pg 59] their fortune being in annuities upon funds. Money was then ten per cent in Ireland, besides the advantage of turning it, and all the necessaries of life at half the price. They complied with my advice, and soon after came over; but, I happening to continue some time longer in England, they were much discouraged to live in Dublin, where they were wholly strangers. She was at that time about nineteen years old, and her person was soon distinguished. But the adventure looked so like a frolic the censure held for some time, as if there were a secret history in such a removal; which, however, soon blew off by her excellent conduct.”

These are the known facts of Stella’s removal to Ireland. Nor was her life there less prudent than her going. She and Mrs. (that is, Miss) Dingley lived ordinarily in lodgings with their own servants. When Swift was at Laracor they lived in a cottage not far away or lodged in the neighbouring village of Trim. When he was in lodgings in Dublin they lodged elsewhere in town. Only, it seems, during his absences did they economize by living in the vicarage at Laracor or in his lodgings in Dublin. The relations between Stella and Swift were unwaveringly circumspect. No one knew that he made her an allowance of fifty pounds a year. “I wonder,” he wrote to a friend in 1726, “how you could expect to see Mrs. Johnson in a morning, which I, her oldest acquaintance, have not[Pg 60] done these dozen years, except once or twice in a journey.” The afternoons or evenings which he spent with her are said never to have been without at least a third person.

She seldom made visits. “But her own lodgings,” Swift said, “from before twenty years old were frequented by many persons of the graver sort, who all respected her highly, upon her good sense, good manners and conversation.... And indeed the greatest number of her acquaintance was among the clergy.” At first she was extravagant, “and so continued till about two-and-twenty; when, by advice of some friends, and the fright of paying large bills of tradesmen who enticed her into their debt, she began to reflect upon her own folly.”

Did Stella, prudently setting out for Ireland at twenty, foresee so many clergymen? Could she without flares of rebellion give up her extravagance, even to “avoiding all expense in clothes (which she ever despised) beyond what was merely decent”? Had she in her nature no veins of natural folly waiting to be uncovered? Was there in her no longing for unreasonable adventures?

So far as marriage was concerned she knew, before too long, where Swift stood. Another of her clergymen, William Tisdall, himself began to court Stella. Finding how much authority Swift had with her, Tisdall wrote to him, then in London, hinting, it seems, that Swift [Pg 61]had used his power in behalf of his own designs. Swift’s answer, in April 1704, left no doubt in Tisdall, nor in Stella, to whom Tisdall must have shown it.

Esther Johnson (Stella)

As a young woman

“I will, upon my conscience and honour, tell you the naked truth. First, I think I have said to you before that, if my fortunes and humour served me to think of that state, I should certainly, among all persons on earth, make your choice, because I never saw that person whose conversation I utterly valued but hers. This was the utmost I ever gave way to. And, secondly, I must assure you sincerely that this regard of mine never once entered into my head to be an impediment to you; but I judged it would, perhaps, be a clog to your rising in the world; and I did not conceive you were then rich enough to make yourself and her happy and easy. But that objection is now quite removed by what you have at present.... I declare I have no other; nor shall any consideration of my own misfortune of losing so good a friend and companion as her prevail on me against her interest and settlement in the world, since it is held so necessary and convenient a thing for ladies to marry; and that time takes off from the lustre of virgins in all other eyes but mine.”

Swift insisted that he had done nothing to stand in Tisdall’s way, and that he had indeed thought the affair too far along to be broken off; “since I supposed the town had got it in their tongues, and therefore I thought it could not miscarry without some disadvantage[Pg 62] to the lady’s credit. I ... must add that though it hath come in my way to converse with persons of the first rank, and that sex, more than is usual to men of my level and of our function, yet I have nowhere met with a humour, a wit, or conversation so agreeable, a better portion of good sense, or a truer judgment of men and things. I mean here in England, for as to the ladies of Ireland I am a perfect stranger.... I give you joy of your good fortunes, and envy very much your prudence and temper, and love of peace and settlement; the reverse of which has been the great uneasiness of my life, and is like to continue so. And what is the result?... I find nothing but the good words and wishes of a decayed Ministry, whose lives and mine will probably wear out before they can serve either my little hopes or their own ambition. Therefore I am resolved suddenly to retire, like a discontented courtier, and vent myself in study and speculation, till my own humour or the scene here shall change.”

This was the same language as that Swift used after Stella’s death, when he called her “the truest, most virtuous and valuable friend that I or perhaps any other person ever was blessed with,” and said he could not remember that he had “ever once heard her make a wrong judgment of persons, books, or affairs.” He could then say also, out of his long experience, that she was “the most disinterested mortal I ever knew or heard of.” But his praise was for her intellectual, moral,[Pg 63] and social virtues, as it had always been. Not a surviving syllable about her suggests desire. None comes nearer to it than his words that “she had a gracefulness somewhat more than human in every motion, word, and action.” And they were written for posterity when she was dead, not when she was twenty-three and he faced a rival.

Stella, scrutinizing the letter to Tisdall, could no more find a possible husband there than Varina had found in her letter four years earlier. Tisdall, however, was rejected.

And not a surviving syllable from Stella tells whether she knew of any barrier between her and Swift except the cold sword of his ambitious pride, or whether she struggled against fitting herself to the place he made for her, or whether she ever felt bitterness or regret. The discretion as native to her as to Swift protected her almost entirely from scandal, even in the mouths of his most loquacious enemies. He alone was blamed, for leaving her alone. Stella seems not to have blamed him. She preferred what she had of Swift to all she might have had of Tisdall or any other possible husband.

She knew that Swift’s devotion was partly his pride admiring itself in its glass. He trusted her judgment, which was a bright reflection of his own. He took her advice, which was coloured by what she deftly guessed to be his will. But she was no such replica in dough as[Pg 64] might have bored him or might have shamed him into guilt for using her as he did. She was witty and lively, talked back to him, was charmingly perverse when he convinced her of her errors, and would not allow him to have a maid or housekeeper “with a tolerable face.” Stella gave him, when he was resisted elsewhere, the comfort of feeling over her that power without which his temper could not live. She saw, however, that she was a need as well as a comfort. She could feel an occasional thrill of power in her general peace of compliance.

For nearly a decade after Stella went to Ireland the record is so silent about her that she has to be guessed at. Then for three years during which Swift wrote his journal to her, his light brings her to life. After that, silence and obscurity, seldom broken till the light shines again in Swift’s grief over her last illness. She hardly lives except in his words.

Once, however, Swift’s mirror answered him. It was in an exchange of verses between them when she had been for twenty years his closest friend. His verses showed how little time had taken from her lustre in his eyes. He had never “admitted love a guest,” but he could imagine nothing beyond what he had had from their friendship.

“In all the habitudes of life,

The friend, the mistress, and the wife,[Pg 65]

Variety we still pursue,

In pleasure seek for something new;

Or else, comparing with the rest,

Take comfort that our own is best....

But his pursuits are at an end黄南铝皮保温工程

Whom Stella chooses for a friend.”

And Stella, with verses of her own on Swift’s birthday, answered him in kind. It was “your pupil and your humble friend” who congratulated him. The sum of her praise was that he had taught her to value her mind more than her person.

“When men began to call me fair,

You interposed your timely care.

You early taught me to despise

The ogling of a coxcomb’s eyes;

Showed where my judgment was misplaced;

Refined my fancy and my taste.”

Now, Stella gratefully assured him, she had a better fate than that of women “with no endowments but a face.”

“You taught how I might youth prolong,

By knowing what was right and wrong;

How from my heart to bring supplies

Of lustre to my fading eyes;

How soon a beauteous mind repairs

The loss of changed or falling hairs;[Pg 66]

How wit and virtue from within

Send out a smoothness o’er the skin.

Your lectures could my fancy fix,

And I can please at thirty-six.”

Yet in this reasonable tribute Stella let her rhyme coax her into a favourable prevarication. She was not thirty-six, but forty. She would still give herself a slight advantage when she pronounced her judgment on the frailty of beauty, which she had to endure, Swift only to observe. He had been, as she said, her early and her only guide. After so many years her verses and her words were, as much as her handwriting, like his. But with a betraying phrase she could still show a tenderness for that person which her philosopher had taught her to value less than her mind.

3

The conquest of Stella, absolute and lasting, gave Swift his only relief from his ambition. His outward life during these ten years in Ireland need not have been hateful to him if his pride had left him free to enjoy it. The income from his livings was perhaps not much over two hundred pounds a year, but it enabled him to rebuild the vicarage at Laracor and to lay out a garden. He had a stream straightened to resemble a canal and a willow-walk where he might remember Moor Park as Temple had remembered[Pg 67] Holland. The parish duties were so slight that Swift could consider Laracor, Agher, and Rathbeggan as hardly more than sinecures, of which he took the pay and left the work to deputies. In Dublin, where besides being a prebendary of the Cathedral he was, after Berkeley’s recall, chaplain to the Duke of Ormond and the Earl of Pembroke, Lord Lieutenants, Swift was domestically allied with the rulers of the kingdom. Moreover, he was only once long out of England. He travelled back and forth over the anxious bridge of his expectations. In London he published the letters, essays, and memoirs which Temple had left to him. And there he soon took a commanding though scornful rank among the wits he ridiculed.

Swift always valued conversation, “so useful and innocent a pleasure, so fitted for every period and condition of life, and so much in all men’s power.” He went to such coffee houses as the Whig St. James’s and the more neutral Will’s. But he never thought of himself as belonging with the general army of the wits. “The worst conversation I ever remember to have heard in my life,” he said, “was that at Will’s coffee house, where the wits (as they were called) used formerly to assemble. That is to say, five or six men who had writ plays, or at least prologues, or had share in a miscellany, came thither and entertained one another with their trifling composures, in so important an air as if they had been the noblest efforts of human[Pg 68] nature or that the fate of kingdoms depended on them. And they were usually attended with an humble audience of young students from the inns of court or the universities, who, at due distance, listened to these oracles and returned home with great contempt for their law and philosophy, their heads filled with trash, under the name of politeness, criticism, and belles lettres.”

If now and then Swift unbent his powers and talked in clubs, played at cold hoaxes, or wrote verse, no longer Pindaric, it was in the mood of idleness which had formerly turned him to flirtations. His successes came not from the pains he took but from the natural skill of his strong mind set to work at trifles. He moved among the wits proudly, somewhat gigantic, somewhat ominous.

His interests were in public affairs, in the government of the realm, in the whole behaviour of mankind. He began to write about politics while he was still chaplain to Berkeley. The Lords and Commons were in abusive conflict. Large tracts of land in Ireland having been forfeited to the Crown after the Revolution, the King had made grants of it to his favourites and to a former mistress. In 1700 the Commons had voted to annul these grants and to make other grants to other favourites. The Lords had resisted, but had finally given way. Lord Somers, the Whig leader of the Ministry, had been so displeasing to the Commons[Pg 69] that the King had forced him to resign. The majority in the Parliament of 1701 was Tory, as was the Ministry. The Tories, blaming William and his Whig advisers for their foreign policy, impeached Somers, Portland, Orford, and Halifax (lately Addison’s Charles Montague). The Lords supported the impeached peers. Swift, returning with Berkeley to England in April, saw in the conflict a danger to the state, and undertook a warning. He was still so near Moor Park that he came only slyly into the open in his discourse, full of modern parallels, on the dissensions between the nobles and commons in Athens and Rome.

But he wrote less like a philosopher than like a governor, contemptuous of political metaphysics. No doubt there ought to be a proper balance of power among the forces in a state; “although I should think that the saying vox populi vox dei ought to be understood of the universal bent and current of a people, not of the bare majority of a few representatives, which is often procured by little arts and great industry and application; wherein those who engage in the pursuits of malice and revenge are much more sedulous than such as would prevent them.” How the universal bent and current of a people was to be recognized and encouraged Swift did not make plain. “Some physicians have thought that if it were practicable to keep the several humours of the body in an exact and equal balance of each with the opposite, it might be immortal; and so[Pg 70] perhaps would a political body if the balance of power could be always held exactly even. But, I doubt, this is as impossible in practice as the other.”

In practice he found the populace always greedy and slippery. “When a child grows easy and content by being humoured; and when a lover becomes satisfied by small compliances, without farther pursuits; then expect to find popular assemblies content with small concessions.” “I think it is an universal truth that the people are much more dexterous at pulling down and setting up than at preserving what is fixed; and they are not fonder of seizing more than their own than they are of delivering it up again to the worst bidder, with their own into the bargain. For, although in their corrupt notions of divine worship they are apt to multiply their gods, yet their earthly devotion is seldom paid to above one idol at a time, of their own creation; whose oar they pull with less murmuring, and much more skill, than when they share the lading or even hold the helm.”

There was, Swift thought, no mysterious virtue in any gathering of men. “It is hard to recollect one folly, infirmity, or vice to which a single man is subjected and from which a body of commons, either collective or represented, can be wholly exempt. For, beside that they are composed of men with all their infirmities about them, they have also the ill fortune to be generally led and influenced by the very worst among themselves,[Pg 71] I mean popular orators, tribunes, or, as they are now styled, great speakers, leading men, and the like. Whence it comes to pass that in their results we have sometimes found the same spirit of cruelty and revenge, of malice and pride, the same blindness and obstinacy and unsteadiness, the same ungovernable rage and anger, the same injustice, sophistry, and fraud that ever lodged in the breast of any individual.”

The evil to be avoided, Swift held, was the tyranny equally of the one, of the few, or of the many. But when the many are tyrants the tyranny of the one is not far off. “A usurping populace is its own dupe, a mere underworker, and a purchaser in trust for some single tyrant whose state and power they advance to their own ruin, with as blind an instinct as those worms that die with weaving magnificent habits for beings of a superior nature to their own.”

Any governor, reading Swift’s discourse, must have felt behind it a congenial mind and will. Swift might dread the tyranny of a king. He might even, as he later wrote, “prefer a well-instituted commonwealth before a monarchy.” But what he really dreaded was disorder. “If,” he said, “I should insist upon liberty of conscience, form conventicles of republicans, and print books preferring that government and condemning what is established, the magistrate would, with great justice, hang me and my disciples.” Better the certain magistrate than the uncertain mob. Swift was[Pg 72] no less on the side of power because he wanted power himself. He regarded the demand for popular rights as a king might regard it: that is, as a mode of usurpation. He regarded the prospect of revolution as a general might regard it: that is, as a threat of mutiny. Let theorists be hanged. Though the end of government was liberty, the way to it did not lead through unrest. Unrest was itself the tyranny of the many, and it might at any time become the tyranny of the one. Liberty lay between these extremes. Mankind, unless it gave itself to dictatorship or to confusion, had to be governed by the few.

Not, however, by the casual few of birth or wealth. By the chosen few of knowledge, skill, and virtue. Swift did not say, at first or ever, how these few were to be chosen. Like all the men, in all the ages, who have held to this appealing doctrine, he assumed that the choice of governors ought to be as natural as it was logical. And, like most of them, he assumed that he belonged among the governors.

Rather, he assumed that he belonged beside them. Swift had already come to think of himself as first of all a churchman, not a statesman but the driving conscience of statesmen. Having delivered his warning in his pamphlet, written in London, he left it with the printer and went back to Ireland, to establish himself in Laracor. “The book was,” he says, “greedily bought and read; and charged sometimes upon my Lord[Pg 73] Somers and some time upon the Bishop of Salisbury.” Associated at a distance with men so powerful, Swift, returning to England for the summer of 1702, and owning the authorship, came closer to the seats of power than he had ever come before. “My Lords Somers and Halifax, as well as the Bishop ... desired my acquaintance, with great marks of esteem and professions of kindness—not to mention the Earl of Sunderland, who had been of my old acquaintance. They lamented that they were not able to serve me since the death of the King; and were very liberal in promising me the greatest preferments I could hope for, if ever it came in their power. I soon grew domestic with Lord Halifax, and was as often with Lord Somers as the formality of his nature (the only unconversable fault he has) made it agreeable to me.”

Swift was, in his relations with the great, no country parson tickled with a dinner. He stood before them like a man there in his own right. “It was then I first began to trouble myself with the difference between the principles of Whig and Tory; having formerly employed myself in other and, I think much better, speculations. I talked often upon this subject with Lord Somers; told him that, having been long conversant with the Greek and Roman authors, and therefore a lover of liberty, I found myself much inclined to be what they called a Whig in politics; and that, besides, I thought it impossible, upon any other principle, to[Pg 74] defend or submit to the Revolution. But as to religion I confessed myself to be a high churchman, and that I did not conceive how any one who wore the habit of clergyman could be otherwise.” A high churchman, and a haughty one. Though he might then prefer the Whigs to the Tories, his real allegiance was to the Church. He served it when he served whatever party favoured it. He was above the battle in which he fought. He looked for large rewards with the assurance of his calling as well as with the arrogance of his temper.

But Somers and Halifax were not in office. Swift went back to Ireland, unrewarded, for another year of rueful banishment.

When he once more returned to England late in 1703, he seemed, to his own pride, to have done nothing in the world. Yet he had an honourable profession. He had an income for life. He had a mistress, of a kind, who was young, beautiful, witty, and devoted. He had ruling friends in Ireland and was beginning to have others in England. He was the author of the most brilliant prose satire so far written in English, and the master of the best prose of his age. Something boundless in him, however, or something perverse, kept him from more than brief satisfactions. Content to be a clergyman, he could not wait to be a bishop. Untroubled by debts, he longed for a fortune. Happy with Stella for a friend, he would not commit himself to her[Pg 75] in marriage. A scholar, a clergyman, and a wit, he cared little for the company of his fellows. He thought the scholars pedantic, the clergymen dull and tattling—

“And deal in vices of the graver sort,

Tobacco, censure, coffee, pride, and port”—

the wits frivolous and feeble. His satires had remained for half a dozen years unpublished. He could be at ease only among the great, and even there he did not lend himself wholly to their purposes. He stood solitary on the peak of his own nature, his scornful eyes raking mankind.

From this height he flung down his Tale of a Tub early in 1704. Mankind at large took no notice. Mankind at large has no eyes to read with, no skin to feel a lash with. As Swift himself said in his preface, “Satire, being levelled at all, is never resented for an offence by any, since every individual person makes bold to understand it of others, and very wisely removes his particular part of the burden upon the shoulders of the world, which are broad enough, and able to bear it.” Nor did the pedants and wits flinch at his thrusts much more sharply, since he named few of them, than the nameless run of men. The pedants might grumble, but the wits, who also liked to sting, could take a craftsman’s pleasure in the accurate rapture of his stinging.

Swift of course pricked no active folly and stabbed no[Pg 76] active vice by his satires. Fools did not read him. Wise men were only confirmed in their wisdom. His hatred caused less reformation than delight. The delight which men felt in his arguments and allegories, so cutting, so copious, so downright, so fanciful, was the delight which men feel when one of them uses words as most of them have not the gift to do, only the bursting desire. Swift, who scorned to be a man of words, was accepted for his words. Somers, to whom the book was dedicated, and Halifax, who knew how to put such skill as Swift’s to use, repeated their promises. They did not tell him it was not his counsel that they needed.

Yet while he was making friends he was also making enemies. Mankind was not a sensitive body, able to feel in any of its parts any indignity to the whole. The pedants or the wits were not. The Church was. It thought of itself as marked off from the world, like its consecrated altars, to be approached with reverence. There were, as Swift contended, abuses of religion which called for satire, and which could be satirized without any hurt to true religion. But the line between the uses and the abuses of religion was often faint. One man’s devotion could be another man’s fanaticism. Firmness could become stoniness and never know it. Laughter, even when aimed at what was false, could wound in two directions. Swift, high on his peak of scorn, let his laughter fall with a harsh inclusiveness.

When, for instance, he touched the doctrine of transubstantiation,[Pg 77] he traced its origin to a noisy episode in the career of the Catholic among the three brothers of the allegory. Peter, having no mutton for his dinner, served up a brown loaf to Martin and Jack. He told them it was mutton. They refused, at first politely and then heatedly, to believe him. “‘Look ye, gentlemen,’ cries Peter in a rage, ‘to convince you what a couple of blind, positive, ignorant, wilful puppies you are, I will use but this plain argument: By G——, it is true, good, natural mutton as any in Leadenhall market; and G—— condemn you both eternally if you believe otherwise.’ Such a thundering proof as this left no farther room for objection.”

Here was rough language to use so near the communion table, no matter what the precise beliefs of the bystanders regarding the disputed miracle. A total unbeliever could not have spoken more gratingly. Even in that vigorous age a clergyman had to watch his voice if he was to become a bishop. Swift might please the lords temporal with his originality and force, but he could not please the lords spiritual without orthodoxy and decorum. Within the Church he was always, from the time A Tale of a Tub was understood to be by him, a churchman suspected of irreverence—or, as he phrased it, “the sin of wit.”

This dangerous book, published with mystifying stealth, Swift never acknowledged, though after a scuffle of ascriptions it settled down at his door. The[Pg 78] authorship was first his humorous and afterwards his cautious secret. When, having published the satires, he followed his letter to Tisdall back to Ireland, he was still barely known in London for his genius. There are almost no records of where he had lodged, of how he had spent his days and nights. A dim figure, flashing seldom out of the dark.

One anecdote, of the many which have gathered about his magnetic reputation, may tell something like the truth. For days after his earliest appearance at the St. James’s coffee house, the story goes, he did not speak. He would come in, lay his hat on a table, walk conspicuously up and down the room for an hour, take up his hat, pay his money at the bar, and leave without a word. At last, one evening, he looked several times at a man in boots, who seemed to have just come from the country. The mad parson, as he was already called, went up to the booted stranger and said abruptly: “Pray, Sir, do you remember any good weather in the world?” The man stared but said he thanked God he could remember a great deal of good weather. “That is more,” said Swift, “than I can say. I never remember any weather that was not too hot or too cold, too wet or too dry. But, however God Almighty contrives it, at the end of the year ’tis all very well.” Then again he took his hat and left.

The next three and a half years in Ireland saw him more at ease with more companions. At Laracor he[Pg 79] planted, besides willows, holly, apple, cherry trees. He fished for eel and pike and trout. “I carry double the flesh that you saw about me at London,” he wrote to John Temple, who had invited him to revisit Moor Park in 1706; though Swift insisted that he had, to such a sign of fortune, “no manner of title, having neither purchased it by luxury nor good humour.” His congregation might be no more than fifteen persons, “most of them gentle and all simple,” but he had numerous friends in the region of Laracor.

In Dublin he could talk clerical politics with the Primate of Ireland and the Archbishop of Dublin, both Swift’s friends, and secular politics with the Lord Lieutenants to whom he was chaplain. At the Castle he was cheerful with the successive households of Ormond and Pembroke. With a small circle of Pembroke’s intimate guests he punned tumultuously and infectiously. He drank wine, took snuff, and gambled for trifling stakes. He was often at the house of the dean of St. Patrick’s, who gave good dinners to bishops and to clergymen willing to become bishops. There was also a sort of club with which various women, Stella among them, met on Saturday evenings, for dinner and ombre or picquet. Stella was liked and admired by Swift’s friends. If he was lonely and restless he had his genius to blame.

[Pg 80]

4

He was lonely and steadily more restless. The idyl of Laracor was too mild to hold him. The work and play of Dublin were too small. Just before his fortieth birthday he left Ireland, in the party of Lord Pembroke, again to try at fortune on fortune’s own ground. He had at least the advantage, now, of being on an official errand to the great men whose favour he personally needed. Commissioned by his Archbishop, he was to act as lobbyist in the matter of the First Fruits. Queen Anne, devoted to the interests of the Church, had given up her right to the first year’s income of every ecclesiastical benefice in England. The Irish Church hoped she would extend the same bounty to Ireland. The whole sum at issue was not above a thousand pounds a year. Swift, proud as a mountain, took up the little cause. It brought him a new experience of the delaying, forgetting, bargaining habits of politicians.

He had to move softly to avoid the jealousy of Pembroke, who as viceroy of Ireland was the proper channel for any such appeal to the Crown. At first Somers, though influential with the Ministry, was still out of office. He referred Swift to Sunderland, son of Swift’s former friend, son-in-law of Marlborough, and a Secretary of State. Sunderland said he would go with Swift to Godolphin, Lord Treasurer, but ended by merely making an appointment. Godolphin declared[Pg 81] “he was passive in this business,” which was really Pembroke’s responsibility. Swift consulted Pembroke, and was told that everything depended on the Queen. Passed shiftily from hand to hand, Swift saw that none of the great men was interested, though none of them would take the trouble to tell the truth. After a year he heard from Pembroke that the grant had been made, and a little later learned that Pembroke had lied. But the Earl of Wharton had been appointed Lord Lieutenant. Swift went to Wharton, “which was the first attendance I ever paid him.” Wharton had nothing for him but cloudy excuses and windy promises. “I took the boldness to begin answering those objections, and designed to offer some reasons; but he rose suddenly, turned off the discourse, and seemed in haste; so I was forced to take my leave.” At a subsequent meeting at Somers’s house Wharton “received me as dryly as before.”

Thereafter Swift hated Wharton as he never hated another man. All the exasperations of a wasted year came together into a single fury which, when Swift had a chance, poured itself out into the abuse which has made Wharton better known for it than for all he ever did himself.

Lobbying for the First Fruits, Swift looked out also for his own advancement. But he went through his visit to England always in suspense and never satisfied. First he hoped to be chosen Bishop of Waterford. He[Pg 82] believed he had the favour of Somers and possibly of the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Queen. Another clergyman of the Pembroke circle was preferred. “Now I must retire to my morals,” Swift wrote a friend, “and pretend to be wholly without ambition and to resign with patience.... And after this if you will not allow me to be a good courtier, I will pretend to it no more. But let us talk no further on this subject. I am stomach-sick of it already.” Then he hoped to be sent as secretary to Vienna, if Lord Berkeley should go as ambassador. “I shall be out of the way of parties until it shall please God I have some place to retire to a little above contempt.” The Ministry promised Swift the post, but Berkeley’s age and ill health kept him in England. Swift would have accepted a Dublin parish which had been proposed to him; the living did not fall vacant. He might have been expected to be chaplain to Wharton, as he had been to Ormond and Pembroke; he was not chosen. He was urged by the Archbishop of Dublin to try for the deanery of Down; Wharton’s chaplain became dean. On the day, after Swift’s return to Ireland, when the Bishop of Cork was dying of spotted fever Swift wrote to Halifax asking for his interest with Somers, now Lord President, for this bishopric. Wharton, according to Swift, engaged his credit to get the place for a clergyman who had married a “cast wench” of Wharton’s—although the Queen, indeed, prevented such a scandal. To make the story[Pg 83] as complete as a farce, the clergyman in question may have been that junior dean of Trinity College before whom, on his knees, Swift on his twenty-first birthday may have had to beg pardon for being contemptuous and contumacious.

Yet towards the close of his cycle of anxiety Swift could write ingratiatingly to Halifax: “I must take leave to reproach your Lordship for a most inhuman piece of cruelty, for I can call your extreme good usage of me no better, since it has taught me to hate the place where I am banished, and raised my thoughts to an imagination that I might live to be some way useful or entertaining if I were permitted to live in town.... I have been studying how to be revenged of your Lordship, and have found out the way. They have in Ireland the same idea with us, of your Lordship’s generosity, magnificence, wit, judgment, and knowledge in the enjoyment of life. But I shall quickly undeceive them by letting them plainly know that you have neither interest nor fortune which you can call your own; both having been long made over to the corporation of deserving men in want, who have appointed you their advocate and steward, which the world is pleased to call patron and protector. I shall inform them that myself and about a dozen others kept the best table in England, to which because we admitted your Lordship in common with us, made you our manager, and sometimes allowed you to bring a[Pg 84] friend, therefore ignorant people would needs take you to be the owner.... Pray, my Lord, desire Dr. South to die about the fall of the leaf, for he has a prebend of Westminster which will make me your neighbour, and a sinecure in the country, both in the Queen’s gift, which my friends have often told me would fit me extremely.”

And Halifax could magniloquently answer: “I am quite ashamed for myself and my friends to see you left in a place so incapable of tasting you; and to see so much merit and so great qualities unrewarded by those who are sensible of them. Mr. Addison and I are entered into a new confederacy, never to give over the pursuit, nor to cease reminding those who can serve you, till your worth is placed in that light where it ought to shine. Dr. South holds out still, but he cannot be immortal. The situation of his prebendary would make me doubly concerned in serving you, and upon all occasions that shall offer I will be your constant solicitor, your sincere admirer, and your unalterable friend.”

Handsome compliment, handsome acknowledgment, and no real confidence between the writers. What Swift actually thought of Halifax was that he gave deserving men “only good words and dinners; I never heard him say one good thing, or seem to taste what was said by another.” What Halifax actually thought of Swift must be guessed at. But no patron[Pg 85] used to “soft dedication all day long” could quite relish a follower so bound to lead. Swift would never be as remote from politics as Newton, whom Halifax had made Warden and then Master of the Mint, nor as obliging and grateful in the midst of politics as Addison, who through Halifax had entered the busy circle where few men went long without places. Halifax and Somers and Pembroke no more than Godolphin and Sunderland and Wharton by this time could imagine in Swift’s hand the supple, obedient pen which they required.

There was proof to support their doubts. They had been willing to bargain with him, or through him with the Irish Church, about the First Fruits. Let the Church consent to the repeal of the Sacramental Test which excluded Dissenters from office. The Whigs, standing to gain votes from the pleased Dissenters, would then be better able to persuade the Queen to widen her bounty. The repeal would mean only the surrender of a principle, and it would save the Irish clergy a thousand pounds a year. Swift, without a thought of accommodating the ministers or even of earning their possible rewards, had instead written too vigorously, and not surreptitiously enough, against the repeal. He saw it as a selfish experiment which England wanted to try first on Ireland before trying it nearer home. “If your little finger be sore,” he said to England with a snarling humility, “and you think a[Pg 86] poultice made of our vitals will give it any ease, speak the word and it shall be done.” Somers, Lord President, and Wharton, Lord Lieutenant, from that moment must have known that Swift was not their man. The sin of wit they could forgive, and indeed encourage. They could neither encourage nor forgive the sin of such independence. Braver statesmen than they might have hesitated to keep a tiger on the hearth.

Swift, learning on this visit to England that the great are not always to be trusted by the proud and truthful, should have become finally aware that he was not a Whig, perhaps that he was not a Tory. As a churchman he stood not so much between the parties as above them both. “I should think,” he said in one of the pamphlets in which he stretched the muscles which the ministers would not let him use, “that ... to preserve the constitution entire in Church and State, whoever has a true value for both would be sure to avoid the extremes of Whig for the sake of the former and the extremes of Tory on account of the latter.” Arbitrary power he still hated and looked upon “as a greater evil than anarchy itself; as much as a savage is in a happier state of life than a slave at the oar.” Yet his passion was, as always, for order. The legislature, he thought, could not be placed in too many hands; the administration, however, not in too few. Sects might indeed be tolerated in a state, but “a government cannot give them too much ease nor trust them[Pg 87] with too little power.” Order, as he understood it, was the consequence of virtue among the people, and therefore a higher concern than politics could reach to. It was the natural concern of the Church.

Like a churchman, like a magistrate, Swift proposed that manners be reformed by the advancement of religion. If the Queen should make stricter demands upon all who came near her, “morality and religion would soon become fashionable court virtues, and be taken up as the only methods to get or keep employments there; which alone would have mighty influence upon many of the nobility and principal gentry.” The example of the Court would go far to reform the town, and the town the rest of the kingdom. “How ready ... would most men be to step into the paths of virtue and piety if they infallibly led to favour and fortune!” Swift could even contemplate “something parallel to the office of censors anciently in Rome,” which in England he believed “could be easily limited from running into any exorbitances.” British Catos could reduce the vices of the army, the universities, the law courts, the public service, the press, the taverns. And the Church could provide the Catos if clergymen, ceasing to live so largely to themselves and with each other, would “make themselves as agreeable as they can in the conversations of the world.”

Nor did Swift stop with arguing soberly like a parson. He went on to irony, like a wit. He could not[Pg 88] feel sure, he said, that Christianity had to be abolished, as the world thought. He meant, of course, “nominal Christianity, the other having been for some time wholly laid aside by general consent.” Nominal Christianity had its uses. It gave men a God to revile, when otherwise they might abuse the government. It furnished each parish with at least one person who could read and write. It kept ten thousand men so poor that they were healthy, and good for the breed. It set one day in seven aside for pleasure, extra business, gallantry, and sleep. It made certain kinds of behaviour, because they were forbidden, more enticing. It gave the vulgar various pleasant superstitions with which to amuse the children and to shorten tiresome winter nights. It sustained the spirit of opposition, of eccentricity, of fanaticism. However, Swift ended, if Christianity was to be abolished, so ought every vestige of religion for fear there might still be some restraint laid on human nature. Let freedom come, even though bank stocks might fall one per cent.

5

No matter what grave words he used, Swift had to set them to witty tunes. They came, it seems, so effortlessly that he undervalued them, overlooking them in the thunder of his will. He valued only what he did not have: influence at a Court he despised, power over men he hated. Addison could call him, for his wit,[Pg 89] “the greatest genius of his age.” Swift wanted, as Addison had elsewhere rhetorically put it, to ride in the whirlwind and direct the storm. There was no help for his charging desire. His will was as truly his nature as his wit was.

Yet it was by his wit that he won his hearing, and from the coffee houses. While he waited, impatient, for a single minister to listen to his business of the First Fruits, he amused his idleness with a hoax that ran through the town like a scandal. He predicted, in a burlesque almanac, that the astrologer John Partridge, who was a cobbler as well as a quack, would “infallibly die upon the 29th of March next, about eleven at night, of a raging fever.” When the time came Swift no less circumstantially announced the death, though it had, he said, occurred four hours earlier than he had calculated. Partridge, still as much alive as ever, complained. The coffee houses laughed. There were other pamphlets on the hoax, in one of which Congreve had a hand. For more than a year Swift now and then worried his victim. Richard Steele thought the joke so good, and the name of Isaac Bickerstaff, which Swift used, so noted, that he made the imaginary Bickerstaff the apparent editor of the Tatler. Another of Swift’s hoaxes had a small success. Reading to the Countess of Berkeley, he had grown tired of the pompous commonplaces which soothed her in her favourite author, and had relieved his boredom by tricking her with a[Pg 90] meditation which he had written upon a broomstick. Now the story got out, and the wits laughed at the trick and at the parody, which was seen in manuscript and may have been printed.

In both hoaxes the delighted wits felt not only Swift’s comic skill but the imperious insolence which lay behind it. Here was a man whose lightest words left a mark wherever they touched. Here was a learned clergyman who, as the Tatler said, “writes very like a gentleman and goes to heaven with a very good mien.”

Much of Swift’s life during this stay in England was off the stage of the wits, nearer officials or drawing-rooms. When he first arrived he lived in Leicester Fields at the house of Sir Andrew Fountaine, who had been in Ireland with Pembroke and had found Swift the best pastime of that wilderness. Afterward in lodgings in the Haymarket, Swift might have letters sent to him at the St. James’s coffee house or at Steele’s office in the Cockpit, but when he was kept indoors, as he once was by broken shins, even Somers came to visit him. During 1708 he was a guest of both Berkeley and Pembroke in the country. After the hot summer in town he spent six weeks in Kent and at Epsom, where the Court then retired to drink the fashionable waters.

In town he was often—much too often for his future peace—at the house of Mrs. Vanhomrigh, the widow of a former lord mayor of Dublin, who had come to[Pg 91] London about the same time as Swift. She had a daughter Esther, who claimed to be two years younger than she was, and to have been born, as she probably had not, on St. Valentine’s day. Through the Vanhomrighs, friends of Fountaine, Swift met other women, ladies of the Court, toasts of the clubs, whom he fascinated by his grave impudence. He insisted that each lady who desired to know him should make the first advances. When Anne Long, toast of the Kit-Cat club, protested and held out, Swift drew up a formal treaty of which the plain terms, with whatever circumlocutions, were that she must within two hours make “all advances to the said Doctor that he shall demand ... purely upon account of his great merit.” The lady yielded. Swift might be resisted when he worked, not when he played.

He had the further comfort that Stella and Rebecca Dingley were in England for a part of his stay. “Mrs. Johnson,” he wrote to Ireland, “cannot make a pun if she might have the weight of it in gold.” He did not introduce her to his new acquaintances, the one Esther to the other, any more than he told the world his moody secrets. Stella was his secret. Though he saw her in London and wrote to her after she returned to Ireland, there are no records of her in his letters except a mention of her dog. “Pug is very well, and likes London wonderfully, but Greenwich better, where we could hardly keep him from hunting down the deer.”

[Pg 92]

What came nearest to satisfying Swift in 1708 was Addison. When last Swift had been in London, in the winter of 1703-1704, he had been still unknown, and Addison, just back from his travels, had been, thanks to the bad fortune of the Whigs, in eclipse. Swift, leaving his satires behind him, had gone off to his banishment. Addison, writing a panegyric on Marlborough on account of Blenheim, had stayed to become famous over night. When now they met in February, Swift was still without any influence except that of his own genius, and Addison was an under-secretary of State. But there was no difference in their affections. Addison was seldom vain with Swift, whom he called “the most agreeable companion, the truest friend, and the greatest genius of his age.” Swift was seldom proud with Addison. “If,” he later wrote, back in Dublin, “you will come over again, when you are at leisure, we will raise an army and make you king of Ireland.”

They met like princes, with exchange of gifts. Swift gave Addison, along with Steele, some of his moral fury, which they tempered to moral irony in the Tatler and Spectator, preferring to laugh, not scourge, virtue into fashion. Addison gave to Swift some of his smooth taste with which to revise the story of Baucis and Philemon which Swift had written in his gruff exile. Too proud to be stubborn about his verses, Swift, as he loosely said, let Addison “blot out fourscore, add fourscore, and alter fourscore” of the lines. The poem suffered,[Pg 93] but Swift did not. He would, and did, write more smoothly if it were more pleasing to Addison. In time Swift came to be aware of Addison’s vanity and caution, but for months he had no reservations. Addison was Swift’s first equal friend. Temple had been his teacher, Stella his pupil, his friends in Ireland mere accidental comrades, the Whig lords and bishops too great to be easy with. Addison had wit, charm, learning, virtue, “worth enough,” Swift said, “to give reputation to an age.”

All the spring and summer of 1708 they often dined together, at different taverns, frequently with Steele or Congreve, with Ambrose Philips, Addison’s little Whig poetical friend, or with Robert Hunter, the friend of Swift who was going to be governor of Virginia and who threatened to make Swift his bishop in a country even more desolate than Ireland. But it was best when the two could, as Swift wrote to Hunter, “steal to a pint of bad wine, and wish for no third person but you.” When Addison went off to Ireland as secretary to Wharton, with a salary of two thousand pounds a year and a sinecure worth four hundred more, Swift, still without promotion or much hope, felt no envy. In Ireland, when he had gone there in June 1709, he buried himself with Stella at Laracor and left it for Dublin, with its abominable Lord Lieutenant, only to see Addison.

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，设备保温施工两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

宋版经卷伸开，酥脆的纸张似轻轻碰便簌簌落下，像时期在指缝间流失……齐说“纸寿千年、绢寿八百”，两册《碛砂藏》珍本刚送入陕西省藏书楼古籍援救室时，纸张酸化脆化到了限，部分书叶粘连成硬块，正在以肉眼可见的速率走向格外。

这是场必须赢的干戈，敌手是时期。

是以，当近日《碛砂藏·大唐西域记·传》和《碛砂藏·大明度经卷》以好意思满的经折装形制再行展当今众东谈主眼前时，意味着它们被从清除的角落拉了追忆。

古籍援救室里的“存一火时速”

古籍援救室，是个自傲到能听见呼吸的地。不是因为莫得东谈主言语，而是因为手上的活儿太精采，需要把一齐重眼力齐放在每张书叶上。

oseph Addison, that year setting out to fit himself for service to England by travelling on the Continent, could have told Swift, if he had known him, how to rise in their world. Addison had lived on at Oxford into a fellowship. He had paid court to Dryden, and by Dryden had been recommended to Jacob Tonson the bookseller, and by Tonson to Congreve, and by Congreve to Charles Montague, Chancellor of the Exchequer, and by Montague to Somers, the Lord Chancellor, and by Somers to the King. At the University ready to take orders, the expectant parson had yielded to the claims of Montague upon those accomplishments and virtues which, Montague told the head of Addison’s college, were needed to offset the current depravity and corruption.

Dexterous in Latin and English verse, Addison was even more dexterous in his virtues. Though vain enough, he was not proud. He demanded little besides a reasonable prosperity and comfortable homage. He[Pg 49] felt no anger because men were slow in recognizing merits which he had not yet shown. He did not too much mind playing at success as it was then played. He saw little repugnant in the rules and admired the winners. It had never struck him that the world was ruled by knaves; it had never struck him that only fools could be happy. Having taken what he found for what it was usually said to be, he was shortly to begin his travels with the approval, and at the expense, of his country.

Swift, with more genius than Addison, had less talent for success. In 1697 he had, presumably on the advice of Temple, put his hopes on the Earl of Sunderland, already tottering though still Lord Chamberlain. “My Lord Sunderland fell and I with him,” Swift wrote a few weeks later. “Since that there have been other courses, which if they succeed I shall be proud to own the methods, or if otherwise, very much ashamed.” All these schemes, whatever they were, had failed. With Temple dead, Swift had to trust to the Earl of Romney to urge upon the King the preferment which Temple had promised to obtain for his secretary. Romney, a friend to William in Holland before the Revolution, and supposed to have been “the great wheel on which the Revolution rolled,” turned out to have, Swift said, “not a wheel to turn a mouse.” “After long attendance in vain,” which was what Swift called a fruitless four or five months, he again[Pg 50] went back to Ireland, in June 1699, chaplain and temporary secretary to the Earl of Berkeley, one of the Lords Justices.

Dublin was as disappointing as London. Berkeley refused to make Swift permanent secretary on the ground that he was a clergyman, and soon afterwards further refused to appoint him dean of Derry on the ground that he was too young. The man who had found Kilroot unendurable was in February 1700 assigned to another rustic living, at Laracor, seventeen miles from Dublin. Nor did it console him that he was made a prebendary of St. Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin, and a doctor of divinity of Dublin University in February 1701. With all his pride and all his powers, he had been sent to what he thought a shabby garrison on an unimportant frontier of the Church.

His circumstances seemed now more interesting to Varina, still unmarried at Belfast. She wrote him a letter. He answered it in a language as cold as any that ever ended what had begun as a flirtation.

“You would know what gave my temper that sudden turn,” he said, “as to alter the style of my letters since I last came over. If there has been that alteration you observe, I have told you the cause abundance of times. I had used a thousand endeavours and arguments to get you from the company and place you are in; both on account of your health and humour, which I thought were like to suffer very much in such air and[Pg 51] before such examples. All I had in answer from you was nothing but a great deal of arguing, and sometimes in a style so imperious as I thought might have been spared, when I reflected how much you had been in the wrong. The other thing you would know is whether this change of style be owing to the thoughts of a new mistress. I declare, upon the word of a Christian and a gentleman, it is not; neither had I ever thoughts of being married to any other person but yourself.” The cause of his change, he explained, was her indifference to his wishes and his opinions, particularly about her family. “I think ... that no young woman in the world of the same income would dwindle away her health and life in such a sink and among such family conversation. Neither have all your letters been once able to persuade me that you have the least value for me, because you so little regarded what I so often said upon that matter.... I think I have more cause to resent your desires of me in that case than you have to be angry at my refusals”—his refusals, it appears, to endure the Warings. “If you like such company and conduct, much good do you with them! My education has been otherwise.”

At the same time, he would tell her what he had told his uncle Adam in response to an inquiry which Swift implied had come circuitously from Varina: “that if your health and my fortune were as they ought, I would prefer you above all your sex; but that,[Pg 52] in the present condition of both, I thought it was against your opinion, and would certainly make you unhappy; that, had you any other offers which your friends or yourself thought more to your advantage, I should think I were very unjust to be an obstacle in your way.” Since, however, her letter had showed her satisfied with his fortune, nothing now stood in the way of their felicity but her health. Nothing, that is, except his terms, which he reduced to questions.

“Are you in a condition to manage domestic affairs, with an income of less perhaps than three hundred pounds a year? Have you such an inclination to my person and humour as to comply with my desires and way of living and endeavour to make us both as happy as you can? Will you be ready to engage in those methods I shall direct for the improvement of your mind, so as to make us entertaining company for each other, without being miserable when we are neither visiting nor visited? Can you bend your love and esteem and indifference to others the same way as I do mine? Shall I have so much power in your heart, or you so much government of your passions, as to grow in a good humour upon my approach, though provoked by a ——? Have you so much good nature as to endeavour by soft words to smooth any rugged humour occasioned by the cross accidents of life? Shall the place wherever your husband is thrown be more welcome than courts or cities without him? In short, these are[Pg 53] some of the necessary methods to please men who, like me, are deep-read in the world; and to a person thus made I should be proud in giving all due returns towards making her happy. These are the questions I have always resolved to propose to her with whom I meant to pass my life; and whenever you can heartily answer them in the affirmative I shall be blessed to have you in my arms, without regarding whether your person be beautiful or your fortune large. Cleanliness in the first and competency in the other is all I look for.... I singled you out at first from the rest of women; and I expect not to be used like a common lover. When you think fit to send me an answer to this without ——, I shall then approve myself, by all means you shall command, Madam, your most obedient humble servant.”

It was as if a glacier had announced the course it meant to take down its valley. Swift possibly disliked the Warings no more than other men have disliked their prospective relatives. His terms were possibly no more ruthless than the assumptions on which other men have entered into marriage. But few men besides Swift can ever, in such a situation, have been so revealing and so unsparing. Varina had entertained him at tedious Kilroot. She had not known how to give up the roundabout arts of courtship for the forthright sciences of marriage. Her caution had humiliated him. Her advances now embarrassed him. Himself long[Pg 54] past the time of languishing, he turned the truth loose upon the coquette. And Varina, who had, as Swift said of young ladies in general, spent her time in making a net instead of a cage, had had the misfortune to incur the frankness of the one man then alive who could put the most naked truth into the most naked words.

If Swift struck too hard for the occasion, it was no more than his dire intensity often forced him to do. His letter at least closed the episode. Varina, with these words before her, could understand that she was not dealing with a common lover, or with a lover at all.

A man who could demand so much of a wife, and say so to a woman, was no longer at any point in a man’s life where the odds are still on his marrying. About marriage Swift was frequently explicit. At twenty-five he declared that, to say nothing of his “cold temper and unconfined humour,” “the very ordinary observations I made with going half a mile beyond the University have taught me experience enough not to think of marriage till I settle my fortune in the world, which I am sure will not be in some years; and even then myself I am so hard to please that I suppose I shall put it off to the other world.... Among all the young gentlemen that I have known to have ruined themselves by marrying, which I assure you is a great number, I have made this general rule, that they are either young, raw, ignorant scholars who, for want of knowing company, believe every silk petticoat[Pg 55] includes an angel, or else they have been a sort of honest young men who perhaps are too literal in rather marrying than burning.... I think I am very far excluded from listing under either of these heads. I confess I have known one or two men of sense enough who, inclined to frolics, have married and ruined themselves out of a maggot; but a thousand household thoughts, which always drive matrimony out of my mind whenever it chances to come there, will, I am sure, fright me from that; besides that, I am naturally temperate, and never engaged in the contrary which usually produces those effects.”

This may be taken to be the scorn of a young man who has not yet felt much desire or loneliness. But there is the later belief, cut to an axiom, that “no wise man ever married from the dictates of reason.” What then could beguile Swift into marriage, when, for all his passion, he had undertaken to live as faithfully under the dictates of reason as under the orders of the Church?

Swift, speaking of himself, seldom spoke less than the exact truth, though he often, by his harshness, said rather more. In the matter of marriage his course was, from first to last, as straight as was possible for a man fascinating to women and inclined to play with them when his powers were relaxed or his will checked. He had decided that, his fortunes being so much lower than his pride, and his health so much less than his[Pg 56] strength, he would not marry except on some such extravagant terms as he proposed at thirty-three to Varina. He knew she would not accept them. Whether he realized it or not, he preferred his relationship with Stella to marriage with anybody else.

He turned out to prefer it to marriage with Stella. During the three or four years after he closed accounts with Varina, Swift came no doubt as near to marrying Stella as the great drive of his solitary ambition would let him. But he did not marry her, and he apparently found, as many men would find if they had the strength to test the principle, that what seems to be the need to marry, even a woman truly loved, is a panic impulse in a crisis. Swift, having survived the crisis which might have made him a husband, did not have to pay the customary price of losing the woman who might have become his wife. Stella was still the willing focus of that immense affection which turned the stare or scowl of hate to the rest of the world.

Only once more did he slip recklessly into his old amusement. Vanessa, infatuated and unceasing, threatened his solitude. He could not annihilate her with a letter or subdue her to friendship. He slackly let the affair drag on to a dreary and then vehement end. But still he did not break his straight course. He had not wanted to marry. He had not had to marry. He did not mean to marry. He had said as much to everybody whose business it could be.

[Pg 57]

Swift might have been believed if his course, no matter how straight, had also been usual: if he had spent his days in a cell; if, having failed to win some desired woman, he had desired no other; if he had run from woman to woman stopping nowhere long. Instead, he lived in the world, had as much of the women he wanted as he wanted of them, and was in many ways faithful to Stella. Gossip, bothered by what is unusual in the story, has tried to make it fit some more familiar pattern by imagining hidden circumstances which, if known, would show Swift to have been more like ordinary men. He may have been impotent, gossip suggests, and so avoided marriage out of vanity. He may have had syphilis, and so avoided marriage out of decency. He may, gossip even during his life went so far as to guess, have married Stella privately—without licence, witnesses, or record, when he was Dean of St. Patrick’s! But all these arguments, some of which have been twisted to coiling lengths, are still the hypotheses of gossip, one as good as another. Not one of them is as simple and sufficient as the conclusion that Swift, whom gossips could more easily think inadequate, dissolute, or secretive, was only, in marriage as in other matters, extraordinary.

2

Writing to Varina in May 1700 he swore that he then had no thoughts of another mistress or of another[Pg 58] wife. As this was not a lover’s letter, this was hardly a lover’s oath, and may have meant what it said. But, as chaplain to Lord Berkeley, Swift was still, in a sense, a dependent; and at Laracor he saw he would be lonely. Of his three livings, Laracor and the incidental Agher and Rathbeggan, only Laracor had a church. Swift, arriving dejected and resentful, found himself doubtfully master of a scattered, monotonous territory with a dilapidated church and a vicarage and glebe not then fit to live in. The one pleasant thing about his post was that he could leave his duties in the hands of curates and himself live much of the time in Dublin lodgings. In April 1701 he went with Berkeley back to England, to remain there till September. And there he visited Stella at Farnham.

Her mother had married, or was to marry, another steward of Moor Park, and the daughter was living with another Temple dependent, Rebecca Dingley, on the income of a Temple legacy. “Her fortune,” as Swift told the story on the bitter, truthful night of Stella’s death, “at that time was in all not above fifteen hundred pounds, the interest of which was but a scanty maintenance, in so dear a country, for one of her spirit. Upon this consideration, and indeed very much for my own satisfaction, who had few friends or acquaintance in Ireland, I prevailed with her and her dear friend and companion, the other lady, to draw what money they had into Ireland, a great part of[Pg 59] their fortune being in annuities upon funds. Money was then ten per cent in Ireland, besides the advantage of turning it, and all the necessaries of life at half the price. They complied with my advice, and soon after came over; but, I happening to continue some time longer in England, they were much discouraged to live in Dublin, where they were wholly strangers. She was at that time about nineteen years old, and her person was soon distinguished. But the adventure looked so like a frolic the censure held for some time, as if there were a secret history in such a removal; which, however, soon blew off by her excellent conduct.”

These are the known facts of Stella’s removal to Ireland. Nor was her life there less prudent than her going. She and Mrs. (that is, Miss) Dingley lived ordinarily in lodgings with their own servants. When Swift was at Laracor they lived in a cottage not far away or lodged in the neighbouring village of Trim. When he was in lodgings in Dublin they lodged elsewhere in town. Only, it seems, during his absences did they economize by living in the vicarage at Laracor or in his lodgings in Dublin. The relations between Stella and Swift were unwaveringly circumspect. No one knew that he made her an allowance of fifty pounds a year. “I wonder,” he wrote to a friend in 1726, “how you could expect to see Mrs. Johnson in a morning, which I, her oldest acquaintance, have not[Pg 60] done these dozen years, except once or twice in a journey.” The afternoons or evenings which he spent with her are said never to have been without at least a third person.

She seldom made visits. “But her own lodgings,” Swift said, “from before twenty years old were frequented by many persons of the graver sort, who all respected her highly, upon her good sense, good manners and conversation.... And indeed the greatest number of her acquaintance was among the clergy.” At first she was extravagant, “and so continued till about two-and-twenty; when, by advice of some friends, and the fright of paying large bills of tradesmen who enticed her into their debt, she began to reflect upon her own folly.”

Did Stella, prudently setting out for Ireland at twenty, foresee so many clergymen? Could she without flares of rebellion give up her extravagance, even to “avoiding all expense in clothes (which she ever despised) beyond what was merely decent”? Had she in her nature no veins of natural folly waiting to be uncovered? Was there in her no longing for unreasonable adventures?

So far as marriage was concerned she knew, before too long, where Swift stood. Another of her clergymen, William Tisdall, himself began to court Stella. Finding how much authority Swift had with her, Tisdall wrote to him, then in London, hinting, it seems, that Swift [Pg 61]had used his power in behalf of his own designs. Swift’s answer, in April 1704, left no doubt in Tisdall, nor in Stella, to whom Tisdall must have shown it.

Esther Johnson (Stella)

As a young woman

“I will, upon my conscience and honour, tell you the naked truth. First, I think I have said to you before that, if my fortunes and humour served me to think of that state, I should certainly, among all persons on earth, make your choice, because I never saw that person whose conversation I utterly valued but hers. This was the utmost I ever gave way to. And, secondly, I must assure you sincerely that this regard of mine never once entered into my head to be an impediment to you; but I judged it would, perhaps, be a clog to your rising in the world; and I did not conceive you were then rich enough to make yourself and her happy and easy. But that objection is now quite removed by what you have at present.... I declare I have no other; nor shall any consideration of my own misfortune of losing so good a friend and companion as her prevail on me against her interest and settlement in the world, since it is held so necessary and convenient a thing for ladies to marry; and that time takes off from the lustre of virgins in all other eyes but mine.”

Swift insisted that he had done nothing to stand in Tisdall’s way, and that he had indeed thought the affair too far along to be broken off; “since I supposed the town had got it in their tongues, and therefore I thought it could not miscarry without some disadvantage[Pg 62] to the lady’s credit. I ... must add that though it hath come in my way to converse with persons of the first rank, and that sex, more than is usual to men of my level and of our function, yet I have nowhere met with a humour, a wit, or conversation so agreeable, a better portion of good sense, or a truer judgment of men and things. I mean here in England, for as to the ladies of Ireland I am a perfect stranger.... I give you joy of your good fortunes, and envy very much your prudence and temper, and love of peace and settlement; the reverse of which has been the great uneasiness of my life, and is like to continue so. And what is the result?... I find nothing but the good words and wishes of a decayed Ministry, whose lives and mine will probably wear out before they can serve either my little hopes or their own ambition. Therefore I am resolved suddenly to retire, like a discontented courtier, and vent myself in study and speculation, till my own humour or the scene here shall change.”

This was the same language as that Swift used after Stella’s death, when he called her “the truest, most virtuous and valuable friend that I or perhaps any other person ever was blessed with,” and said he could not remember that he had “ever once heard her make a wrong judgment of persons, books, or affairs.” He could then say also, out of his long experience, that she was “the most disinterested mortal I ever knew or heard of.” But his praise was for her intellectual, moral,[Pg 63] and social virtues, as it had always been. Not a surviving syllable about her suggests desire. None comes nearer to it than his words that “she had a gracefulness somewhat more than human in every motion, word, and action.” And they were written for posterity when she was dead, not when she was twenty-three and he faced a rival.

Stella, scrutinizing the letter to Tisdall, could no more find a possible husband there than Varina had found in her letter four years earlier. Tisdall, however, was rejected.

And not a surviving syllable from Stella tells whether she knew of any barrier between her and Swift except the cold sword of his ambitious pride, or whether she struggled against fitting herself to the place he made for her, or whether she ever felt bitterness or regret. The discretion as native to her as to Swift protected her almost entirely from scandal, even in the mouths of his most loquacious enemies. He alone was blamed, for leaving her alone. Stella seems not to have blamed him. She preferred what she had of Swift to all she might have had of Tisdall or any other possible husband.

She knew that Swift’s devotion was partly his pride admiring itself in its glass. He trusted her judgment, which was a bright reflection of his own. He took her advice, which was coloured by what she deftly guessed to be his will. But she was no such replica in dough as[Pg 64] might have bored him or might have shamed him into guilt for using her as he did. She was witty and lively, talked back to him, was charmingly perverse when he convinced her of her errors, and would not allow him to have a maid or housekeeper “with a tolerable face.” Stella gave him, when he was resisted elsewhere, the comfort of feeling over her that power without which his temper could not live. She saw, however, that she was a need as well as a comfort. She could feel an occasional thrill of power in her general peace of compliance.

For nearly a decade after Stella went to Ireland the record is so silent about her that she has to be guessed at. Then for three years during which Swift wrote his journal to her, his light brings her to life. After that, silence and obscurity, seldom broken till the light shines again in Swift’s grief over her last illness. She hardly lives except in his words.

Once, however, Swift’s mirror answered him. It was in an exchange of verses between them when she had been for twenty years his closest friend. His verses showed how little time had taken from her lustre in his eyes. He had never “admitted love a guest,” but he could imagine nothing beyond what he had had from their friendship.

“In all the habitudes of life,

The friend, the mistress, and the wife,[Pg 65]

Variety we still pursue,

In pleasure seek for something new;

Or else, comparing with the rest,

Take comfort that our own is best....

But his pursuits are at an end

Whom Stella chooses for a friend.”

And Stella, with verses of her own on Swift’s birthday, answered him in kind. It was “your pupil and your humble friend” who congratulated him. The sum of her praise was that he had taught her to value her mind more than her person.

“When men began to call me fair,

You interposed your timely care.

You early taught me to despise

The ogling of a coxcomb’s eyes;

Showed where my judgment was misplaced;

Refined my fancy and my taste.”

Now, Stella gratefully assured him, she had a better fate than that of women “with no endowments but a face.”

“You taught how I might youth prolong,

By knowing what was right and wrong;

How from my heart to bring supplies

Of lustre to my fading eyes;

How soon a beauteous mind repairs

The loss of changed or falling hairs;[Pg 66]

How wit and virtue from within

Send out a smoothness o’er the skin.

Your lectures could my fancy fix,

And I can please at thirty-six.”

Yet in this reasonable tribute Stella let her rhyme coax her into a favourable prevarication. She was not thirty-six, but forty. She would still give herself a slight advantage when she pronounced her judgment on the frailty of beauty, which she had to endure, Swift only to observe. He had been, as she said, her early and her only guide. After so many years her verses and her words were, as much as her handwriting, like his. But with a betraying phrase she could still show a tenderness for that person which her philosopher had taught her to value less than her mind.

3

The conquest of Stella, absolute and lasting, gave Swift his only relief from his ambition. His outward life during these ten years in Ireland need not have been hateful to him if his pride had left him free to enjoy it. The income from his livings was perhaps not much over two hundred pounds a year, but it enabled him to rebuild the vicarage at Laracor and to lay out a garden. He had a stream straightened to resemble a canal and a willow-walk where he might remember Moor Park as Temple had remembered[Pg 67] Holland. The parish duties were so slight that Swift could consider Laracor, Agher, and Rathbeggan as hardly more than sinecures, of which he took the pay and left the work to deputies. In Dublin, where besides being a prebendary of the Cathedral he was, after Berkeley’s recall, chaplain to the Duke of Ormond and the Earl of Pembroke, Lord Lieutenants, Swift was domestically allied with the rulers of the kingdom. Moreover, he was only once long out of England. He travelled back and forth over the anxious bridge of his expectations. In London he published the letters, essays, and memoirs which Temple had left to him. And there he soon took a commanding though scornful rank among the wits he ridiculed.

Swift always valued conversation, “so useful and innocent a pleasure, so fitted for every period and condition of life, and so much in all men’s power.” He went to such coffee houses as the Whig St. James’s and the more neutral Will’s. But he never thought of himself as belonging with the general army of the wits. “The worst conversation I ever remember to have heard in my life,” he said, “was that at Will’s coffee house, where the wits (as they were called) used formerly to assemble. That is to say, five or six men who had writ plays, or at least prologues, or had share in a miscellany, came thither and entertained one another with their trifling composures, in so important an air as if they had been the noblest efforts of human[Pg 68] nature or that the fate of kingdoms depended on them. And they were usually attended with an humble audience of young students from the inns of court or the universities, who, at due distance, listened to these oracles and returned home with great contempt for their law and philosophy, their heads filled with trash, under the name of politeness, criticism, and belles lettres.”

If now and then Swift unbent his powers and talked in clubs, played at cold hoaxes, or wrote verse, no longer Pindaric, it was in the mood of idleness which had formerly turned him to flirtations. His successes came not from the pains he took but from the natural skill of his strong mind set to work at trifles. He moved among the wits proudly, somewhat gigantic, somewhat ominous.

His interests were in public affairs, in the government of the realm, in the whole behaviour of mankind. He began to write about politics while he was still chaplain to Berkeley. The Lords and Commons were in abusive conflict. Large tracts of land in Ireland having been forfeited to the Crown after the Revolution, the King had made grants of it to his favourites and to a former mistress. In 1700 the Commons had voted to annul these grants and to make other grants to other favourites. The Lords had resisted, but had finally given way. Lord Somers, the Whig leader of the Ministry, had been so displeasing to the Commons[Pg 69] that the King had forced him to resign. The majority in the Parliament of 1701 was Tory, as was the Ministry. The Tories, blaming William and his Whig advisers for their foreign policy, impeached Somers, Portland, Orford, and Halifax (lately Addison’s Charles Montague). The Lords supported the impeached peers. Swift, returning with Berkeley to England in April, saw in the conflict a danger to the state, and undertook a warning. He was still so near Moor Park that he came only slyly into the open in his discourse, full of modern parallels, on the dissensions between the nobles and commons in Athens and Rome.

But he wrote less like a philosopher than like a governor, contemptuous of political metaphysics. No doubt there ought to be a proper balance of power among the forces in a state; “although I should think that the saying vox populi vox dei ought to be understood of the universal bent and current of a people, not of the bare majority of a few representatives, which is often procured by little arts and great industry and application; wherein those who engage in the pursuits of malice and revenge are much more sedulous than such as would prevent them.” How the universal bent and current of a people was to be recognized and encouraged Swift did not make plain. “Some physicians have thought that if it were practicable to keep the several humours of the body in an exact and equal balance of each with the opposite, it might be immortal; and so[Pg 70] perhaps would a political body if the balance of power could be always held exactly even. But, I doubt, this is as impossible in practice as the other.”

In practice he found the populace always greedy and slippery. “When a child grows easy and content by being humoured; and when a lover becomes satisfied by small compliances, without farther pursuits; then expect to find popular assemblies content with small concessions.” “I think it is an universal truth that the people are much more dexterous at pulling down and setting up than at preserving what is fixed; and they are not fonder of seizing more than their own than they are of delivering it up again to the worst bidder, with their own into the bargain. For, although in their corrupt notions of divine worship they are apt to multiply their gods, yet their earthly devotion is seldom paid to above one idol at a time, of their own creation; whose oar they pull with less murmuring, and much more skill, than when they share the lading or even hold the helm.”

There was, Swift thought, no mysterious virtue in any gathering of men. “It is hard to recollect one folly, infirmity, or vice to which a single man is subjected and from which a body of commons, either collective or represented, can be wholly exempt. For, beside that they are composed of men with all their infirmities about them, they have also the ill fortune to be generally led and influenced by the very worst among themselves,[Pg 71] I mean popular orators, tribunes, or, as they are now styled, great speakers, leading men, and the like. Whence it comes to pass that in their results we have sometimes found the same spirit of cruelty and revenge, of malice and pride, the same blindness and obstinacy and unsteadiness, the same ungovernable rage and anger, the same injustice, sophistry, and fraud that ever lodged in the breast of any individual.”

The evil to be avoided, Swift held, was the tyranny equally of the one, of the few, or of the many. But when the many are tyrants the tyranny of the one is not far off. “A usurping populace is its own dupe, a mere underworker, and a purchaser in trust for some single tyrant whose state and power they advance to their own ruin, with as blind an instinct as those worms that die with weaving magnificent habits for beings of a superior nature to their own.”

Any governor, reading Swift’s discourse, must have felt behind it a congenial mind and will. Swift might dread the tyranny of a king. He might even, as he later wrote, “prefer a well-instituted commonwealth before a monarchy.” But what he really dreaded was disorder. “If,” he said, “I should insist upon liberty of conscience, form conventicles of republicans, and print books preferring that government and condemning what is established, the magistrate would, with great justice, hang me and my disciples.” Better the certain magistrate than the uncertain mob. Swift was[Pg 72] no less on the side of power because he wanted power himself. He regarded the demand for popular rights as a king might regard it: that is, as a mode of usurpation. He regarded the prospect of revolution as a general might regard it: that is, as a threat of mutiny. Let theorists be hanged. Though the end of government was liberty, the way to it did not lead through unrest. Unrest was itself the tyranny of the many, and it might at any time become the tyranny of the one. Liberty lay between these extremes. Mankind, unless it gave itself to dictatorship or to confusion, had to be governed by the few.

Not, however, by the casual few of birth or wealth. By the chosen few of knowledge, skill, and virtue. Swift did not say, at first or ever, how these few were to be chosen. Like all the men, in all the ages, who have held to this appealing doctrine, he assumed that the choice of governors ought to be as natural as it was logical. And, like most of them, he assumed that he belonged among the governors.

Rather, he assumed that he belonged beside them. Swift had already come to think of himself as first of all a churchman, not a statesman but the driving conscience of statesmen. Having delivered his warning in his pamphlet, written in London, he left it with the printer and went back to Ireland, to establish himself in Laracor. “The book was,” he says, “greedily bought and read; and charged sometimes upon my Lord[Pg 73] Somers and some time upon the Bishop of Salisbury.” Associated at a distance with men so powerful, Swift, returning to England for the summer of 1702, and owning the authorship, came closer to the seats of power than he had ever come before. “My Lords Somers and Halifax, as well as the Bishop ... desired my acquaintance, with great marks of esteem and professions of kindness—not to mention the Earl of Sunderland, who had been of my old acquaintance. They lamented that they were not able to serve me since the death of the King; and were very liberal in promising me the greatest preferments I could hope for, if ever it came in their power. I soon grew domestic with Lord Halifax, and was as often with Lord Somers as the formality of his nature (the only unconversable fault he has) made it agreeable to me.”

Swift was, in his relations with the great, no country parson tickled with a dinner. He stood before them like a man there in his own right. “It was then I first began to trouble myself with the difference between the principles of Whig and Tory; having formerly employed myself in other and, I think much better, speculations. I talked often upon this subject with Lord Somers; told him that, having been long conversant with the Greek and Roman authors, and therefore a lover of liberty, I found myself much inclined to be what they called a Whig in politics; and that, besides, I thought it impossible, upon any other principle, to[Pg 74] defend or submit to the Revolution. But as to religion I confessed myself to be a high churchman, and that I did not conceive how any one who wore the habit of clergyman could be otherwise.” A high churchman, and a haughty one. Though he might then prefer the Whigs to the Tories, his real allegiance was to the Church. He served it when he served whatever party favoured it. He was above the battle in which he fought. He looked for large rewards with the assurance of his calling as well as with the arrogance of his temper.

But Somers and Halifax were not in office. Swift went back to Ireland, unrewarded, for another year of rueful banishment.

When he once more returned to England late in 1703, he seemed, to his own pride, to have done nothing in the world. Yet he had an honourable profession. He had an income for life. He had a mistress, of a kind, who was young, beautiful, witty, and devoted. He had ruling friends in Ireland and was beginning to have others in England. He was the author of the most brilliant prose satire so far written in English, and the master of the best prose of his age. Something boundless in him, however, or something perverse, kept him from more than brief satisfactions. Content to be a clergyman, he could not wait to be a bishop. Untroubled by debts, he longed for a fortune. Happy with Stella for a friend, he would not commit himself to her[Pg 75] in marriage. A scholar, a clergyman, and a wit, he cared little for the company of his fellows. He thought the scholars pedantic, the clergymen dull and tattling—

“And deal in vices of the graver sort,

Tobacco, censure, coffee, pride, and port”—

the wits frivolous and feeble. His satires had remained for half a dozen years unpublished. He could be at ease only among the great, and even there he did not lend himself wholly to their purposes. He stood solitary on the peak of his own nature, his scornful eyes raking mankind.

From this height he flung down his Tale of a Tub early in 1704. Mankind at large took no notice. Mankind at large has no eyes to read with, no skin to feel a lash with. As Swift himself said in his preface, “Satire, being levelled at all, is never resented for an offence by any, since every individual person makes bold to understand it of others, and very wisely removes his particular part of the burden upon the shoulders of the world, which are broad enough, and able to bear it.” Nor did the pedants and wits flinch at his thrusts much more sharply, since he named few of them, than the nameless run of men. The pedants might grumble, but the wits, who also liked to sting, could take a craftsman’s pleasure in the accurate rapture of his stinging.

Swift of course pricked no active folly and stabbed no[Pg 76] active vice by his satires. Fools did not read him. Wise men were only confirmed in their wisdom. His hatred caused less reformation than delight. The delight which men felt in his arguments and allegories, so cutting, so copious, so downright, so fanciful, was the delight which men feel when one of them uses words as most of them have not the gift to do, only the bursting desire. Swift, who scorned to be a man of words, was accepted for his words. Somers, to whom the book was dedicated, and Halifax, who knew how to put such skill as Swift’s to use, repeated their promises. They did not tell him it was not his counsel that they needed.

Yet while he was making friends he was also making enemies. Mankind was not a sensitive body, able to feel in any of its parts any indignity to the whole. The pedants or the wits were not. The Church was. It thought of itself as marked off from the world, like its consecrated altars, to be approached with reverence. There were, as Swift contended, abuses of religion which called for satire, and which could be satirized without any hurt to true religion. But the line between the uses and the abuses of religion was often faint. One man’s devotion could be another man’s fanaticism. Firmness could become stoniness and never know it. Laughter, even when aimed at what was false, could wound in two directions. Swift, high on his peak of scorn, let his laughter fall with a harsh inclusiveness.

When, for instance, he touched the doctrine of transubstantiation,[Pg 77] he traced its origin to a noisy episode in the career of the Catholic among the three brothers of the allegory. Peter, having no mutton for his dinner, served up a brown loaf to Martin and Jack. He told them it was mutton. They refused, at first politely and then heatedly, to believe him. “‘Look ye, gentlemen,’ cries Peter in a rage, ‘to convince you what a couple of blind, positive, ignorant, wilful puppies you are, I will use but this plain argument: By G——, it is true, good, natural mutton as any in Leadenhall market; and G—— condemn you both eternally if you believe otherwise.’ Such a thundering proof as this left no farther room for objection.”

Here was rough language to use so near the communion table, no matter what the precise beliefs of the bystanders regarding the disputed miracle. A total unbeliever could not have spoken more gratingly. Even in that vigorous age a clergyman had to watch his voice if he was to become a bishop. Swift might please the lords temporal with his originality and force, but he could not please the lords spiritual without orthodoxy and decorum. Within the Church he was always, from the time A Tale of a Tub was understood to be by him, a churchman suspected of irreverence—or, as he phrased it, “the sin of wit.”

This dangerous book, published with mystifying stealth, Swift never acknowledged, though after a scuffle of ascriptions it settled down at his door. The[Pg 78] authorship was first his humorous and afterwards his cautious secret. When, having published the satires, he followed his letter to Tisdall back to Ireland, he was still barely known in London for his genius. There are almost no records of where he had lodged, of how he had spent his days and nights. A dim figure, flashing seldom out of the dark.

One anecdote, of the many which have gathered about his magnetic reputation, may tell something like the truth. For days after his earliest appearance at the St. James’s coffee house, the story goes, he did not speak. He would come in, lay his hat on a table, walk conspicuously up and down the room for an hour, take up his hat, pay his money at the bar, and leave without a word. At last, one evening, he looked several times at a man in boots, who seemed to have just come from the country. The mad parson, as he was already called, went up to the booted stranger and said abruptly: “Pray, Sir, do you remember any good weather in the world?” The man stared but said he thanked God he could remember a great deal of good weather. “That is more,” said Swift, “than I can say. I never remember any weather that was not too hot or too cold, too wet or too dry. But, however God Almighty contrives it, at the end of the year ’tis all very well.” Then again he took his hat and left.

The next three and a half years in Ireland saw him more at ease with more companions. At Laracor he[Pg 79] planted, besides willows, holly, apple, cherry trees. He fished for eel and pike and trout. “I carry double the flesh that you saw about me at London,” he wrote to John Temple, who had invited him to revisit Moor Park in 1706; though Swift insisted that he had, to such a sign of fortune, “no manner of title, having neither purchased it by luxury nor good humour.” His congregation might be no more than fifteen persons, “most of them gentle and all simple,” but he had numerous friends in the region of Laracor.

In Dublin he could talk clerical politics with the Primate of Ireland and the Archbishop of Dublin, both Swift’s friends, and secular politics with the Lord Lieutenants to whom he was chaplain. At the Castle he was cheerful with the successive households of Ormond and Pembroke. With a small circle of Pembroke’s intimate guests he punned tumultuously and infectiously. He drank wine, took snuff, and gambled for trifling stakes. He was often at the house of the dean of St. Patrick’s, who gave good dinners to bishops and to clergymen willing to become bishops. There was also a sort of club with which various women, Stella among them, met on Saturday evenings, for dinner and ombre or picquet. Stella was liked and admired by Swift’s friends. If he was lonely and restless he had his genius to blame.

[Pg 80]

4

He was lonely and steadily more restless. The idyl of Laracor was too mild to hold him. The work and play of Dublin were too small. Just before his fortieth birthday he left Ireland, in the party of Lord Pembroke, again to try at fortune on fortune’s own ground. He had at least the advantage, now, of being on an official errand to the great men whose favour he personally needed. Commissioned by his Archbishop, he was to act as lobbyist in the matter of the First Fruits. Queen Anne, devoted to the interests of the Church, had given up her right to the first year’s income of every ecclesiastical benefice in England. The Irish Church hoped she would extend the same bounty to Ireland. The whole sum at issue was not above a thousand pounds a year. Swift, proud as a mountain, took up the little cause. It brought him a new experience of the delaying, forgetting, bargaining habits of politicians.

He had to move softly to avoid the jealousy of Pembroke, who as viceroy of Ireland was the proper channel for any such appeal to the Crown. At first Somers, though influential with the Ministry, was still out of office. He referred Swift to Sunderland, son of Swift’s former friend, son-in-law of Marlborough, and a Secretary of State. Sunderland said he would go with Swift to Godolphin, Lord Treasurer, but ended by merely making an appointment. Godolphin declared[Pg 81] “he was passive in this business,” which was really Pembroke’s responsibility. Swift consulted Pembroke, and was told that everything depended on the Queen. Passed shiftily from hand to hand, Swift saw that none of the great men was interested, though none of them would take the trouble to tell the truth. After a year he heard from Pembroke that the grant had been made, and a little later learned that Pembroke had lied. But the Earl of Wharton had been appointed Lord Lieutenant. Swift went to Wharton, “which was the first attendance I ever paid him.” Wharton had nothing for him but cloudy excuses and windy promises. “I took the boldness to begin answering those objections, and designed to offer some reasons; but he rose suddenly, turned off the discourse, and seemed in haste; so I was forced to take my leave.” At a subsequent meeting at Somers’s house Wharton “received me as dryly as before.”

Thereafter Swift hated Wharton as he never hated another man. All the exasperations of a wasted year came together into a single fury which, when Swift had a chance, poured itself out into the abuse which has made Wharton better known for it than for all he ever did himself.

Lobbying for the First Fruits, Swift looked out also for his own advancement. But he went through his visit to England always in suspense and never satisfied. First he hoped to be chosen Bishop of Waterford. He[Pg 82] believed he had the favour of Somers and possibly of the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Queen. Another clergyman of the Pembroke circle was preferred. “Now I must retire to my morals,” Swift wrote a friend, “and pretend to be wholly without ambition and to resign with patience.... And after this if you will not allow me to be a good courtier, I will pretend to it no more. But let us talk no further on this subject. I am stomach-sick of it already.” Then he hoped to be sent as secretary to Vienna, if Lord Berkeley should go as ambassador. “I shall be out of the way of parties until it shall please God I have some place to retire to a little above contempt.” The Ministry promised Swift the post, but Berkeley’s age and ill health kept him in England. Swift would have accepted a Dublin parish which had been proposed to him; the living did not fall vacant. He might have been expected to be chaplain to Wharton, as he had been to Ormond and Pembroke; he was not chosen. He was urged by the Archbishop of Dublin to try for the deanery of Down; Wharton’s chaplain became dean. On the day, after Swift’s return to Ireland, when the Bishop of Cork was dying of spotted fever Swift wrote to Halifax asking for his interest with Somers, now Lord President, for this bishopric. Wharton, according to Swift, engaged his credit to get the place for a clergyman who had married a “cast wench” of Wharton’s—although the Queen, indeed, prevented such a scandal. To make the story[Pg 83] as complete as a farce, the clergyman in question may have been that junior dean of Trinity College before whom, on his knees, Swift on his twenty-first birthday may have had to beg pardon for being contemptuous and contumacious.

Yet towards the close of his cycle of anxiety Swift could write ingratiatingly to Halifax: “I must take leave to reproach your Lordship for a most inhuman piece of cruelty, for I can call your extreme good usage of me no better, since it has taught me to hate the place where I am banished, and raised my thoughts to an imagination that I might live to be some way useful or entertaining if I were permitted to live in town.... I have been studying how to be revenged of your Lordship, and have found out the way. They have in Ireland the same idea with us, of your Lordship’s generosity, magnificence, wit, judgment, and knowledge in the enjoyment of life. But I shall quickly undeceive them by letting them plainly know that you have neither interest nor fortune which you can call your own; both having been long made over to the corporation of deserving men in want, who have appointed you their advocate and steward, which the world is pleased to call patron and protector. I shall inform them that myself and about a dozen others kept the best table in England, to which because we admitted your Lordship in common with us, made you our manager, and sometimes allowed you to bring a[Pg 84] friend, therefore ignorant people would needs take you to be the owner.... Pray, my Lord, desire Dr. South to die about the fall of the leaf, for he has a prebend of Westminster which will make me your neighbour, and a sinecure in the country, both in the Queen’s gift, which my friends have often told me would fit me extremely.”

And Halifax could magniloquently answer: “I am quite ashamed for myself and my friends to see you left in a place so incapable of tasting you; and to see so much merit and so great qualities unrewarded by those who are sensible of them. Mr. Addison and I are entered into a new confederacy, never to give over the pursuit, nor to cease reminding those who can serve you, till your worth is placed in that light where it ought to shine. Dr. South holds out still, but he cannot be immortal. The situation of his prebendary would make me doubly concerned in serving you, and upon all occasions that shall offer I will be your constant solicitor, your sincere admirer, and your unalterable friend.”

Handsome compliment, handsome acknowledgment, and no real confidence between the writers. What Swift actually thought of Halifax was that he gave deserving men “only good words and dinners; I never heard him say one good thing, or seem to taste what was said by another.” What Halifax actually thought of Swift must be guessed at. But no patron[Pg 85] used to “soft dedication all day long” could quite relish a follower so bound to lead. Swift would never be as remote from politics as Newton, whom Halifax had made Warden and then Master of the Mint, nor as obliging and grateful in the midst of politics as Addison, who through Halifax had entered the busy circle where few men went long without places. Halifax and Somers and Pembroke no more than Godolphin and Sunderland and Wharton by this time could imagine in Swift’s hand the supple, obedient pen which they required.

There was proof to support their doubts. They had been willing to bargain with him, or through him with the Irish Church, about the First Fruits. Let the Church consent to the repeal of the Sacramental Test which excluded Dissenters from office. The Whigs, standing to gain votes from the pleased Dissenters, would then be better able to persuade the Queen to widen her bounty. The repeal would mean only the surrender of a principle, and it would save the Irish clergy a thousand pounds a year. Swift, without a thought of accommodating the ministers or even of earning their possible rewards, had instead written too vigorously, and not surreptitiously enough, against the repeal. He saw it as a selfish experiment which England wanted to try first on Ireland before trying it nearer home. “If your little finger be sore,” he said to England with a snarling humility, “and you think a[Pg 86] poultice made of our vitals will give it any ease, speak the word and it shall be done.” Somers, Lord President, and Wharton, Lord Lieutenant, from that moment must have known that Swift was not their man. The sin of wit they could forgive, and indeed encourage. They could neither encourage nor forgive the sin of such independence. Braver statesmen than they might have hesitated to keep a tiger on the hearth.

Swift, learning on this visit to England that the great are not always to be trusted by the proud and truthful, should have become finally aware that he was not a Whig, perhaps that he was not a Tory. As a churchman he stood not so much between the parties as above them both. “I should think,” he said in one of the pamphlets in which he stretched the muscles which the ministers would not let him use, “that ... to preserve the constitution entire in Church and State, whoever has a true value for both would be sure to avoid the extremes of Whig for the sake of the former and the extremes of Tory on account of the latter.” Arbitrary power he still hated and looked upon “as a greater evil than anarchy itself; as much as a savage is in a happier state of life than a slave at the oar.” Yet his passion was, as always, for order. The legislature, he thought, could not be placed in too many hands; the administration, however, not in too few. Sects might indeed be tolerated in a state, but “a government cannot give them too much ease nor trust them[Pg 87] with too little power.” Order, as he understood it, was the consequence of virtue among the people, and therefore a higher concern than politics could reach to. It was the natural concern of the Church.

Like a churchman, like a magistrate, Swift proposed that manners be reformed by the advancement of religion. If the Queen should make stricter demands upon all who came near her, “morality and religion would soon become fashionable court virtues, and be taken up as the only methods to get or keep employments there; which alone would have mighty influence upon many of the nobility and principal gentry.” The example of the Court would go far to reform the town, and the town the rest of the kingdom. “How ready ... would most men be to step into the paths of virtue and piety if they infallibly led to favour and fortune!” Swift could even contemplate “something parallel to the office of censors anciently in Rome,” which in England he believed “could be easily limited from running into any exorbitances.” British Catos could reduce the vices of the army, the universities, the law courts, the public service, the press, the taverns. And the Church could provide the Catos if clergymen, ceasing to live so largely to themselves and with each other, would “make themselves as agreeable as they can in the conversations of the world.”

Nor did Swift stop with arguing soberly like a parson. He went on to irony, like a wit. He could not[Pg 88] feel sure, he said, that Christianity had to be abolished, as the world thought. He meant, of course, “nominal Christianity, the other having been for some time wholly laid aside by general consent.” Nominal Christianity had its uses. It gave men a God to revile, when otherwise they might abuse the government. It furnished each parish with at least one person who could read and write. It kept ten thousand men so poor that they were healthy, and good for the breed. It set one day in seven aside for pleasure, extra business, gallantry, and sleep. It made certain kinds of behaviour, because they were forbidden, more enticing. It gave the vulgar various pleasant superstitions with which to amuse the children and to shorten tiresome winter nights. It sustained the spirit of opposition, of eccentricity, of fanaticism. However, Swift ended, if Christianity was to be abolished, so ought every vestige of religion for fear there might still be some restraint laid on human nature. Let freedom come, even though bank stocks might fall one per cent.

5

No matter what grave words he used, Swift had to set them to witty tunes. They came, it seems, so effortlessly that he undervalued them, overlooking them in the thunder of his will. He valued only what he did not have: influence at a Court he despised, power over men he hated. Addison could call him, for his wit,[Pg 89] “the greatest genius of his age.” Swift wanted, as Addison had elsewhere rhetorically put it, to ride in the whirlwind and direct the storm. There was no help for his charging desire. His will was as truly his nature as his wit was.

Yet it was by his wit that he won his hearing, and from the coffee houses. While he waited, impatient, for a single minister to listen to his business of the First Fruits, he amused his idleness with a hoax that ran through the town like a scandal. He predicted, in a burlesque almanac, that the astrologer John Partridge, who was a cobbler as well as a quack, would “infallibly die upon the 29th of March next, about eleven at night, of a raging fever.” When the time came Swift no less circumstantially announced the death, though it had, he said, occurred four hours earlier than he had calculated. Partridge, still as much alive as ever, complained. The coffee houses laughed. There were other pamphlets on the hoax, in one of which Congreve had a hand. For more than a year Swift now and then worried his victim. Richard Steele thought the joke so good, and the name of Isaac Bickerstaff, which Swift used, so noted, that he made the imaginary Bickerstaff the apparent editor of the Tatler. Another of Swift’s hoaxes had a small success. Reading to the Countess of Berkeley, he had grown tired of the pompous commonplaces which soothed her in her favourite author, and had relieved his boredom by tricking her with a[Pg 90] meditation which he had written upon a broomstick. Now the story got out, and the wits laughed at the trick and at the parody, which was seen in manuscript and may have been printed.

In both hoaxes the delighted wits felt not only Swift’s comic skill but the imperious insolence which lay behind it. Here was a man whose lightest words left a mark wherever they touched. Here was a learned clergyman who, as the Tatler said, “writes very like a gentleman and goes to heaven with a very good mien.”

Much of Swift’s life during this stay in England was off the stage of the wits, nearer officials or drawing-rooms. When he first arrived he lived in Leicester Fields at the house of Sir Andrew Fountaine, who had been in Ireland with Pembroke and had found Swift the best pastime of that wilderness. Afterward in lodgings in the Haymarket, Swift might have letters sent to him at the St. James’s coffee house or at Steele’s office in the Cockpit, but when he was kept indoors, as he once was by broken shins, even Somers came to visit him. During 1708 he was a guest of both Berkeley and Pembroke in the country. After the hot summer in town he spent six weeks in Kent and at Epsom, where the Court then retired to drink the fashionable waters.

In town he was often—much too often for his future peace—at the house of Mrs. Vanhomrigh, the widow of a former lord mayor of Dublin, who had come to[Pg 91] London about the same time as Swift. She had a daughter Esther, who claimed to be two years younger than she was, and to have been born, as she probably had not, on St. Valentine’s day. Through the Vanhomrighs, friends of Fountaine, Swift met other women, ladies of the Court, toasts of the clubs, whom he fascinated by his grave impudence. He insisted that each lady who desired to know him should make the first advances. When Anne Long, toast of the Kit-Cat club, protested and held out, Swift drew up a formal treaty of which the plain terms, with whatever circumlocutions, were that she must within two hours make “all advances to the said Doctor that he shall demand ... purely upon account of his great merit.” The lady yielded. Swift might be resisted when he worked, not when he played.

He had the further comfort that Stella and Rebecca Dingley were in England for a part of his stay. “Mrs. Johnson,” he wrote to Ireland, “cannot make a pun if she might have the weight of it in gold.” He did not introduce her to his new acquaintances, the one Esther to the other, any more than he told the world his moody secrets. Stella was his secret. Though he saw her in London and wrote to her after she returned to Ireland, there are no records of her in his letters except a mention of her dog. “Pug is very well, and likes London wonderfully, but Greenwich better, where we could hardly keep him from hunting down the deer.”

[Pg 92]

What came nearest to satisfying Swift in 1708 was Addison. When last Swift had been in London, in the winter of 1703-1704, he had been still unknown, and Addison, just back from his travels, had been, thanks to the bad fortune of the Whigs, in eclipse. Swift, leaving his satires behind him, had gone off to his banishment. Addison, writing a panegyric on Marlborough on account of Blenheim, had stayed to become famous over night. When now they met in February, Swift was still without any influence except that of his own genius, and Addison was an under-secretary of State. But there was no difference in their affections. Addison was seldom vain with Swift, whom he called “the most agreeable companion, the truest friend, and the greatest genius of his age.” Swift was seldom proud with Addison. “If,” he later wrote, back in Dublin, “you will come over again, when you are at leisure, we will raise an army and make you king of Ireland.”

They met like princes, with exchange of gifts. Swift gave Addison, along with Steele, some of his moral fury, which they tempered to moral irony in the Tatler and Spectator, preferring to laugh, not scourge, virtue into fashion. Addison gave to Swift some of his smooth taste with which to revise the story of Baucis and Philemon which Swift had written in his gruff exile. Too proud to be stubborn about his verses, Swift, as he loosely said, let Addison “blot out fourscore, add fourscore, and alter fourscore” of the lines. The poem suffered,[Pg 93] but Swift did not. He would, and did, write more smoothly if it were more pleasing to Addison. In time Swift came to be aware of Addison’s vanity and caution, but for months he had no reservations. Addison was Swift’s first equal friend. Temple had been his teacher, Stella his pupil, his friends in Ireland mere accidental comrades, the Whig lords and bishops too great to be easy with. Addison had wit, charm, learning, virtue, “worth enough,” Swift said, “to give reputation to an age.”

All the spring and summer of 1708 they often dined together, at different taverns, frequently with Steele or Congreve, with Ambrose Philips, Addison’s little Whig poetical friend, or with Robert Hunter, the friend of Swift who was going to be governor of Virginia and who threatened to make Swift his bishop in a country even more desolate than Ireland. But it was best when the two could, as Swift wrote to Hunter, “steal to a pint of bad wine, and wish for no third person but you.” When Addison went off to Ireland as secretary to Wharton, with a salary of two thousand pounds a year and a sinecure worth four hundred more, Swift, still without promotion or much hope, felt no envy. In Ireland, when he had gone there in June 1709, he buried himself with Stella at Laracor and left it for Dublin, with its abominable Lord Lieutenant, only to see Addison.

“援救前的情况，只可用‘岌岌可危’来描摹。”陕西省藏书楼古籍援救薛继民这么回忆初见两册经卷时的现象。因年代久远和特殊历史原因，它们身患多种“重症”：纸张酸化严重，pH值抓续走低，纤维失去韧，碰就碎；受潮后的书叶牢牢粘连，硬得像块木板，根底法开合翻阅；霉斑已入纸张纤维，若不撤销，腐蚀将不可逆转；多处出现絮化、任性、碎屑零碎。

这两册经卷的身世为赫，是跳跃宋元两朝的雕版印刷巨著，从南宋嘉定九年（1216年）开动刊刻，到元代至二年（1322年）才完工，前后耗时106年。若是算上后续补印等行径，工程延续了近两百年。陕西省储藏协会党支部通知、古籍储藏李欣宇说：“这是接近好意思满的部宋版《大藏经》。它从南宋末年到元代，以致到明代初期直在刊刻、补印。后期新印的经卷跟早期印好的随机差了几十年。”

1930年，朱子桥先生在西安卧龙寺、开元寺发现了《碛砂藏》残藏，共5226册，震憾学界。经多年搜集保护，陕西省藏书楼现藏《碛砂藏》5646卷，是国内典藏数目多、种类全、质地的版块。而这两册经卷入选了批《国稀罕古籍名录》，属于国文物。

《大唐西域记·传》是由玄奘口述、辩机撰写的稀罕文件。“唐代玄奘梵衲口述、其弟子辩机握管编撰的《大唐西域记》，早期版块莫得经过转变，接近作家的本意，是困难的善本。”李欣宇如斯评价。而《大明度经卷》则是释教文籍的稀罕遗存，其扉画精采、字体疏朗隽秀，是宋元雕版印刷的缩影。

援救团队为其量身定制了6大工序的“手术案”。每步，齐是在与时期博弈。先是体检，筑牢根基。援救师们对两册经卷进行了地毯式的“会诊”，在国藏书楼古籍保护实验室、陕西省校古籍检测实验室和陕图古籍保护实验室，团队分头汇注纸张数据——厚度、纤维因素、pH值，每个盘算齐被记录在案。同期，援救师远赴安徽泾县、江西铅山，实地调研定制援救用纸，竹纸、皮纸，材质必须与原件致。在国非遗古籍援救武艺传承东谈主万群的指下，份详备的援救实际案被制定出来。

其次需要除霉脱酸，撤销隐患。薛继民与援救师先用软毛刷轻轻拂去经卷名义的浮霉。然后，提起手术刀，在微镜般的注下，点点刮去镶嵌纸张纤维处的霉菌。脱酸关键，团队奥妙诓骗北水质的碱特征，用常温水喷潮压平，反复调试，让纸张的pH值冉冉训导，回答纤维韧。这个经过急不得，每次喷水、每次压平，齐是在给经卷再行注入“人命力”。

三步，区分粘连是毛骨竦然。书叶因数百年的压力与湿气，牢牢粘连在起，果真融为体。援救师只可接受干揭法和湿度递进法——用水汽点点湿润粘连处，恭候纸张纤维略略松软，再用特制的器具轻缓剥离。剥离的经过中，零碎的小碎屑必须被汇注、编号，像拼图样，块齐不成少。

在修补加固、修旧如旧关键能体现古籍援救的精神内核。据薛继民先容，援救师将补纸手工染，颜、厚度要反复比对，长途“远不细腻，近不雅可辨”——不遏抑古东谈主的原迹与今东谈主的缝补。关于厚度不均的书叶，用“引补”技法，字据每叶的厚薄韧度调控补纸的加固力度。天头地脚那些磨损了数百年的原始角落，被好意思满保留，不动刀。修补好的每张书叶，齐要经过的压平处理，再按照原有的折痕折叠，收复经折装的形制。书衣的材质、质感相同严格按原样收复，长途在装帧形制上与数百年前别二致。

援救完成的时刻，并非格外。团队将援救前、中、后的影像贵府好意思满存档，记录下每谈工序、每个细节，建设规范的援救档案。这些记录，是为后续其他《碛砂藏》经卷的援救积存教化，是为了让后东谈主知谈：今天咱们作念了怎样的努力，来延续这段文脉。

历时年，两册岌岌可危的宋元珍本终于重焕期望。扉画精采如初，字体疏朗隽秀，而那轻细可辨的援救思绪，也当作历史的部分被谨防保留。这不仅是本领的奏效，是耐烦慑服时期的末端。

甘坐“冷板凳”督察文脉从未断代

此次《碛砂藏》的奏效援救，不是个独处的恶果。它的背后，是段长达60余年的继续传承。

陕西省藏书楼的古籍援救始于20世纪60年代，代代援救师在自傲的书库里，在狭小的职责台前，日复日与残毁的古籍交谈。他们的职责节律慢，天也许只可援救叶书；他们的干事糊口长，辈子也许只够援救几十部书。但他们手里的，是中中好意思丽的“急救室”，每张书叶齐可能承载着不可复制的历史操心。

2008年，陕西省藏书楼被定名为批“寰宇古籍保护单元”，陕西省古籍保护中心同期挂。2015年，国古籍援救武艺传习中心——陕西传习所诞生；2024年5月，援救组薛继民、吴菲菲、魏瑜、陈茜、陈彦婷5名成员经过多年系统学习班师兴师，薛继民获评“国古籍援救武艺传习师”，衔建成“薛继民古籍援救立异职责室”。2025年12月，“古籍援救武艺”入选八批陕西省非物资文化遗产代表技俩。国非遗代表传承东谈主万群担任师，系统传授传统武艺与当代保护本领。这每步齐是几代援救东谈主用时期和心铺就的。

与时期竞走的督察 让古籍走向生活

古籍援救，修的不仅是纸，是好意思丽的邻接。

站在新的历史节点上，陕西省藏书楼古籍援救业绩正在已矣次刻的转型——从“救援救”向“救援救＋预保护＋活化诓骗”蔓延。

在预保护层面，馆内通过环境监测、规范处治、平淡养护、数字化建设等技能，从起源裁减病害风险，动“已病”向“未病”转机。

在活化诓骗层面，通过展览展示、数字传播、社会研学等式，让援救恶果走出库房、走近公众，让“千里睡”的古籍确凿活起来。

4月24日，“走读长安”——《游城南记》研学步履在西安城墙永宁门班师启动。市民读者手抓北宋张礼所著的《游城南记》，从永宁门开拔，路过小雁塔，终抵达陕西省藏书楼，全程约4.5公里。在文史的带下，大对照着书中记录的“安上门”（今永宁门）、雁塔晨钟等历史遗存，边走边读。这是陕西省立异出“随着古籍游陕西”文化技俩，让千年文籍“走”出阁融入生活，将藏库房的古籍文件转机为可感知、可参与、可体验的文化旅程。

连年来，全省各藏书楼解读20部宋代至明清时期的稀罕文件，勾通实地看望、解读、千里浸式体验等多元体式，带1200余名读者入近40处与古籍记录联系的历史文化古迹。破了古籍“养在闺”的局限，造出新时间古籍活化的“陕西样本”，为古籍保护与传承诓骗探索了新旅途

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